Paints and coatings industry

Some of the mixed xylenes that ate produced are used as solvents in the paints and coatings industry (see Solvents, industrial). However, this use has declined, particularly in the United States as environmental efforts to reduce hydrocarbon emissions into the air have increased. 

Calcium carbonate is one of the most common filler/extenders used in the paint and coatings industry. Consumer and contractor paint formulas can include products from submicrometer size to coarse mesh sizes. The main function of calcium carbonate in paint is as a low cost extender. It is also used to improve brightness, appHcation properties, stabiHty, and exposure resistance. Coarse products help to lower gloss and sheen or even provide textured finishes. The selection of product type and particle size is deterrnined by the desired performance and cost of the coating. 

Two-roll mills are used rnainlv for preparing color pastes for the ink, paint, and coating industries. There are a few applications in heaw-diitv blending of rubber stocks, for which corrugated and masticating rolls are often used. 

Copolymerization and crosslinking processes are very important in the paint and coating industry. The theoretical description of such processes is helpful in understanding the essential parameters in these complex operations and in improving process conditions and product specifications with a minimum of time-consuming systematic experiments. 

MIBK is a valuable industrial solvent used primarily in the paint and coating industry and in metallurgical extraction processes. It is also used as a precursor in the production of specialty chemicals such as pesticides, rubber anti-oxidants as well as antibiotics and pharmaceuticals (1). Historically, MIBK has been produced commercially from acetone and hydrogen feedstock in three stages. First, acetone is dimerized to produce diacetone alcohol (DAA). Second, DAA is dehydrated to produce MO and water. Finally, the carbon-carbon double bond of MO is selectively hydrogenated to produce MIBK. These consecutive reactions are outlined in equations (1-3). 

There are some standard adhesion tests used by the paint and coatings industry, which we have adopted for our work. The most common is the Scotch tape test, which is described by an ASTM D3359, method B. 

The unique surface characteristics of polysiloxanes mean that they are extensively used as surfactants. Silicone surfactants have been thoroughly studied and described in numerous articles. For an extensive, in-depth discussion of this subject, a recent chapter by Hill,476 and his introductory chapter in the monograph he later edited,477 are excellent references. In the latter monograph, many aspects of silicone surfactants are described in 12 chapters. In the introduction, Hill discusses the chemistry of silicone surfactants, surface activity, aggregation behavior of silicone surfactants in various media, and their key applications in polyurethane foam manufacture, in textile and fiber industry, in personal care, and in paint and coating industries. All this information (with 200 cited references) provides a broad background for the discussion of more specific issues covered in other chapters. Thus, surfactants based on silicone polyether co-polymers are surveyed.478 Novel siloxane surfactant structures,479 surface activity and aggregation phenomena,480 silicone surfactants application in the formation of polyurethane foam,481 foam control and... 

The second largest user of pigments is the paint and coatings industry, which is not surprising with a world demand for paint in 2000 of 25 M tonnes. The make up of the end users for this volume of paint is given in Table 2.13. 

Figovsky, O. and Shapovalov, L. (2005) Nanostructured Hybrid Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Coatings. Paint and Coatings Industry, 6, 36-44. 

In the paint and coating industries, iron oxide pigments can be incorporated in many types of binders. Some reasons for their wide applicability in this sector are pure hue, good hiding power, good abrasion resistance, and low settling tendency. Their high temperature resistance allows them to be used in enamels. 

Chromium oxide is equally important as a colorant and in its other industrial applications. As a pigment, it is used predominantly in the paint and coatings industry for high quality green paints with special requirements, especially for steel constructions (coil coating), facade coatings (emulsion paints), and automotive coatings. 

Whereas zinc oxide was originally used as a pigment, its most important modem application is to aid in vulcanizing synthetic and natural rubber. Paint and coating industries use zinc white mainly as an additive to improve anticorrosion properties, mildew resistance, and durability of external coatings. 

Colon, I. and Mookherjea, S. (1997) Formaldehyde emissions separating myth from reality. Paints and Coatings Industry (US), 13 (9), 104-14. 

Freedonia Group, Cleveland, OH, Epoxy Resins Demand to Reach 690 Million Pounds in 2004, Paint and Coating Industry, June 2000. 

Cranley, P. E., Epoxy Adhesives, Paint and Coatings Industry, April 1994, pp. 42-47. 

Study Focuses on Radiation Cured Products, Paint and Coatings Industry, vol. 12, no. 10, October 1996. 

The rheology of polymer solutions is a subject of considerable practical interest. It is important in several stages of the manufacturing and processing of polymers, e.g. in the spinning of fibres and the casting of films from solutions, and especially in the paints and coatings industry. 

Coatings World provides information about new coatings technologies, as well as the production and marketing aspects of the worldwide paint and coatings industry. Coatings World is a product of Rodman Publishing Corp. 

Regular solution theory, the solubility parameter, and the three-dimensional solubility parameters are commonly used in the paints and coatings industry to predict the miscibility of pigments and solvents in polymers. In some applications quantitative predictions have been obtained. Generally, however, the results are only qualitative since entropic effects are not considered, and it is clear that entropic effects are extremely important in polymer solutions. Because of their limited usefulness, a method using solubility parameters is not given in this Handbook. Nevertheless, this approach is still of some use since solubility parameters are reported for a number of groups that are not treated by the more sophisticated models. 

Thanks to its excellent properties, pigment black is the most frequently used black pigment in the paint and coatings industry. The following special behavior of these pigments makes it suitable for nearly all coatings applications, from deco systems to the highly sophisticated automotive topcoats ... 

The paints and coating industry is divided into two distinct subsectors—architectural and industrial. The architectural coatings subsector depends heavily on the performance of the construction sector, whereas industrial coatings are closely associated to the automotive, major appliance, and industrial equipment sectors. 

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