Migration from packaging

In the final consequence, it means that the problem of mineral oil migration from board to foodstuff - mainly discussed in Germany - has to be treated and solved on a European level. The possible solutions and drawbacks for the folding boxboard production as packaging material discussed in this chapter include ... 

K. Grob, Comprehensive analysis of migrates from food-packaging materials a challenge, Food Addit. Contam., 19(Supplement) (2002) 185-191. 

The enforcement in Denmark of EU Directives on food packaging materials is discussed. Enforcement activities considered include studies of total migration from food contact materials, migration from kitchen-and tableware made of melamine plastics and migration of di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate from plasticised PVC films. Activities which need to be undertaken to increase the effectiveness of enforcement activities in the field of migration are described, including development of selfinspection programmes in industry, European network of enforcement, more rapid analysis and provision of information to the consumer. 2 refs. 

Food Additives and Contaminants Vol.19, Suppl., 2002, p.185-91 COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF MIGRATES FROM FOOD-PACKAGING MATERIALS A CHALLENGE Grab K... 

Natural toxins including fungal toxins chemical migration from packaging veterinary drug residues. 

Chemical migration from packaging into food... 

Castle, L., Mercer, A.J., Startin, J.R. and Gilbert, J. (1987). Migration from plasticized films into foods. 2. Migration of di(2-etylhexyl) adipate from PVC films used for retail food packaging, Food Addit. Contain., 4, 4, 399 06. 

Castle, L., Sharman, M. and Gilbert, J. (1988b). Gas chromatographic-mass spectro-metric determination of epoxidized soybean oil contamination of foods by migration from plastic packaging, /. Assoc. Ojf. Anal. Chem., 71, 6, 1183-1186. 

Helmroth, E., Rijk, R., Dekker, M. and Jongen, W. (2002). Predictive modelling of migration from packaging materials into food products for regulatory purposes. Trends Food Sci. Tech., 13, 102-109. 

Lopez-Cervantes, J. and Paseiro-Losada, P. (2003). Determination of bisphenol A in, and its migration from, PVC stretch film used for food packaging. Food Addit. Contam., 20, 6, 596-606. 

Experimental investigations and assessments show that the average person takes in about 2 g a year of external plasticizers. Most of this is from traces of DOA migrating from food packaging. The so-called no observed effect level (NOEL) for DOA in rodents is about 40 mg/kg of body weight per day. Extrapolation for a person equates to 1000 g of plasticizer... 

Although 2,3-benzofuran is a component of coumarone-indene resin and this resin has been approved by the FDA for use as a coating on citrus fruits, as a component of food-preparation utensils, and as an adhesive in food packages (see Table 7-1), no information was located confirming that coumarone-indene resin is currently used on food in the United States. Furthermore, no data were located to indicate that 2,3-benzofuran migrates from the resin into foodstuffs. 

Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is a liquid of low volatility, widely used as a plasticizer in flexible poly(vinyl chloride) products, notably food films, as well as in other plastics and in a number of other minor applications, such as lubricants and cosmetics. Occupational exposure may occur by inhalation of di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate as an aerosol during its manufacture and its use. Meat-wrapping workers may be exposed while cutting poly(vinyl chloride) film across a heated cutter. Food is the major source of exposure of the general population to di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate because of migration from poly(vinyl chloride) packaging, particularly into fatty foods such as cheese and meat. 

The use of microcapsules in food is generally that of an additive. By regulatory definition, a food additive is any substance which becomes added to food either intentionally or unintentionally other than food itself. This includes both compounds added directly and those that are added indirectly such as migrating from packaging materials. We will limit our discussion here to direct, intentional additives. This means, for example, that the Vitamin C in orange juice is not an additive but the Vitamin C added to orange juice is. 

Preservative, acidulant flavoring antimycotic when migrating from food package... 

Antimicrobial agent, preservative, flavoring agent, for baked goods, beverages, food colors, milk, wine, antimycotic migrating from food package... 

The odor of plastics has hardly been investigated. The focus of most investigations is emission measurement of VOCs detectable by routine GC—MS analysis because emission limits have to be met by manufacturers to get approval for use of their material by authorities or by other companies which use the initial material for further processing. Examples of plastic off-odor analysis have been reported on certain occasions especially for food packaging materials regarding migration from the packaging into the food (Skjevrak et al, 2003). Other published data on the odor of plastic materials are rare for confidentiality reasons. A few selected examples of odorants found in certain plastic materials are mentioned below ... 

Research on chemical migration from other types or components of packaging material - e.g. glass, wood, cork, coatings, adhesives - has been carried out sporadically. There is now a concerted UK programme to study chemical migration from these so that problems can be identified and dealt with in a consistent way (Working Party on Chemical Contaminants from Food Contact Materials and Articles, 1999). 

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