Additive migration from packaging

The use of microcapsules in food is generally that of an additive. By regulatory definition, a food additive is any substance which becomes added to food either intentionally or unintentionally other than food itself. This includes both compounds added directly and those that are added indirectly such as migrating from packaging materials. We will limit our discussion here to direct, intentional additives. This means, for example, that the Vitamin C in orange juice is not an additive but the Vitamin C added to orange juice is. 

Till D, Schwope A, Ehnthold D, Sidman K, Whelan R, Schwartz P and Reid R. 1987, Indirect food additive migration from polymeric food packaging materials. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 18 (3). 161-188. 

Identification and eventual determination of polymer additives is an important issue in many fields, mainly in the area of packaging materials where additive migration from food contact materials may have potential toxic effects in humans.In biomedical applications, plasticizers present in the polymer [e.g., Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in PVC] will readily leach into the liquids passing through it, particularly for lipid-containing fluids, e.g., blood. There is a great concern about the toxicity of DEHP, especially for risk groups such as... 

Additive Migration from Plastics into Packaged Commodities... 

K. Grob, Comprehensive analysis of migrates from food-packaging materials a challenge, Food Addit. Contam., 19(Supplement) (2002) 185-191. 

Food Additives and Contaminants Vol.19, Suppl., 2002, p.185-91 COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF MIGRATES FROM FOOD-PACKAGING MATERIALS A CHALLENGE Grab K... 

Castle, L., Mercer, A.J., Startin, J.R. and Gilbert, J. (1987). Migration from plasticized films into foods. 2. Migration of di(2-etylhexyl) adipate from PVC films used for retail food packaging, Food Addit. Contain., 4, 4, 399 06. 

Lopez-Cervantes, J. and Paseiro-Losada, P. (2003). Determination of bisphenol A in, and its migration from, PVC stretch film used for food packaging. Food Addit. Contam., 20, 6, 596-606. 

The control of migration of additives, monomers or oligomers, from packaging materials, for example, into food (important for the enforcement of a high level of food quality and safety) or other consumer products ... 

Castle L, Mercer AJ, Startin JR, et al. 1988. Migration from plasticized film into foods. 3. Migration of phthalate, sebacate, citrate and phosphate esters from films used for retail food packaging. Food Addit Contam 5 9-20. 

A special problem is the migration of low-molecular substances in materials used for food packaging. Here very stringent limitations on food contamination by compounds which are possibly harmful for health, are necessary. This complicated area is being studied carefully over the past decades, in order to establish for each type of additive or monomer residue what its effect on the human organism could be, and how much of such a substance could, under certain conditions, be expected to migrate from the packaging into the food. 

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