P-Cresylic acid

Synonyms AI3-00150 BRN 1305151 CCRIS 647 4-Cresol p-Cresol p-Cresylic acid EINECS 203-398-6 FEMA No. 2337 l-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzene p-Hydroxytoluene 4-Hydroxytoluene p-Kresol l-Methyl-4-hydroxybenzene 4-Methylhydroxybenzene p-Methyl-hydroxybenzene p-Methylphenol NSC 3696 4-Oxytoluene p-Oxytoluene Paracresol Paramethylphenol RCRA waste number U052 4-Toluol p-Toluol p-Tolyl alcohol UN 2076. 

CP 1309, see Pentachlorophenol CPD-244, see 2-Nittopropane CPD-926, see Dibenzofuran 4-CPPE, see 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether p-CPPE, see 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether Crag sevin, see Carbaryl Crawhaspol, see Trichloroethylene 2-Cresol, see 2-Methylphenol 4-Cresol, see 4-Methylphenol oCresol, see 2-Methylphenol p-Cresol, see 4-Methylphenol Crestoxo, see Toxaphene Crestoxo 90, see Toxaphene oCresylic acid, see 2-Methylphenol p-Cresylic acid, see 4-Methylphenol oCresyl phosphate, see Tri-ocresyl phosphate Crisalin, see Trifluralin Crisalina, see Trifluralin Crisfuran, see Carbofuran Crisulfan, see a-Endosulfan, p-Endosulfan Crisuron, see Diuron Crolean, see Acrolein Crop rider, see 2,4-D Crotenaldehyde, see Crotonaldehyde Crotilin, see 2,4-D Crotonal, see Crotonaldehyde Crotonic aldehyde, see Crotonaldehyde CRS, see Phenol Crunch, see Carbaryl Cryptogil OL, see Pentachlorophenol CS, see oChlorobenzylidenemalononitrile, Methyl mercaptan... 

Trade names o-cresylic acid No data p-cresylic acid m-cresylic acid cresylic acid CAS 1989 HSDB 1989... 

SYNS 4-CRESOL p-CRESYLIC acid l-HYDROXY-4-METHYLBENZENE p-HYDROXYTOLUENE 4-HYDROXYTOLUENE p-KRESOL D l-METHYL-4-HYDROXYBENZENE p-METHYLPHENOL 4-METHYLPHENOL p-OXYTOLUENE PARAMETHYL PHENOL RCRA WASTE NUMBER U052 p-TOLUOL p-TOLYL ALCOHOL... 

Synonym p-cresylic acid, l-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene, 4-hydroxytoluene, 4-methylphenol, p-hydroxytoluene, p-methyl-phenol, 4-cresol... 

Synonyms p-cresylic acid 4-hydroxytoluene 4-methylphenol para-cteso. ... 

H.4) Phenol, 4-methyl-, 4-methylphenol, p-cresol, 4-hydroxytoluene, p-cresylic acid 106-44-5 FEMA 2337... 

AI3-00150 CCRIS 647 Cresol, p- 4-Cresol p-Cresd Cresol, p-isomer Cresol, para- p-Cresylic acid EINECS 203-398-6 FEfM Number 2337 HSDB 1814 1-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzene 4-Hydroxytoluene p-Hydroxytoluene p-Kresol 1-Methyl-4-hydroxy-... 

SYNONYMS 4-cresol, p-cresylic acid, p-oxytoluene, paramethyl phenol, p-tolyl alcohol, hydroxy toluene, 4-methylphenol. 

Synonyms/Trade Names para-Cresol, 4-Cresol, p-Cresylic acid, l-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzene, 4-Hydroxytoluene,... 

CAS 106-44-5 EINECS/ELINCS 203-398-6 UN 2076 (DOT) FEMA 2337 Synonyms 4-Cresol p-Cresylic acid 1-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzene 4-Hydroxytoluene p-Hydroxytoluene... 

The cresols occur in cresylic acid, a mixture of the three cresols together with some xylenols and neutral oils, obtained from coal tar distillates. Only the /n-cresol has the three reactive positions necessary to give cross-linked resins and so this is normally the desired material. The o-isomer is easily removed by distillation but separation of the close-boiling m- and p-isomers is difficult and so mixtures of these two isomers are used in practice. 

Mixture of 62.82% dipropylene glycol, 21.18% mercaptoacetic acid, 6% n-hexanoic acid, 6% N-methyl morpholine, 2.18% p-cresyl isovalerate, 0.91% 2-naphthalenethiol, and 0.91% skatole. 

Synonyms Cresylic acid tricresol methyl-phenol o-cresol m-crtsoV, p-cresol hydroxytoluene... 

Three types of closely related cresols exist ortho-cresol (o-cresol), meta- cresol (m-cresol), and para-cresol (p-cresol). Pure cresols are colorless chemicals, but they may be found in brown mixtures such as creosote and cresylic acids (e.g., wood preservatives). Because these three types of cresols are manufactured separately and as mixtures, they can be found both separately and together. Cresols can be either solid or liquid, depending on how pure they are pure cresols are solid, while mixtures tend to be liquid. Cresols have a medicinal smell (odor) and when dissolved in water, they give it a medicinal smell and taste. Cresols do not evaporate quickly from water, but in rivers and lakes, they can be removed quickly by bacteria. Dissolved cresols can pass through soil into underground water sources. This may be a problem at hazardous waste sites where cresols are buried. Once cresols are in the water table, they may stay there for months without changing. Cresols in air quickly change and break down into smaller chemicals, some of which irritate the eyes. Cresols can also irritate the eyes. 

There are three isomers of cresol o-cresol, p-cresol, and m-cresol. These are described in detail in Chapter 3. In the following discussion, the effects of o-cresol and p-cresol, which have similar toxicities, are generally described prior to those of m-cresol, which is somewhat less toxic. Occasionally, data were available regarding the effects of cresol mixtures (containing the three isomers in varying proportions) and cresylic acids (technical mixtures containing other substances in addition to the three cresol isomers). These are generally discussed after the individual isomers. 

COPOLYMERIZATION WITH PARTICIPATION OF MULTIMONOMERS Synthesis of various multimonomers and their copolymerization with styrene, acrylonitrile or acrylic acid was described in a set of papers. Most of the early work on the copolymerization of multimonomers with vinyl monomers employed p-cresyl formaldehyde resins, esterified by methacryloyl chloride or acryloyl chloride, as one of the comonomers, and a simple vinyl monomer such as styrene or acrylonitrile as the other monomer. 

Template copolymerization seems to be applied to the synthesis of copolymers with unconventional sequences of units. As it was shown, by copolymerization of styrene with oligomers prepared from p-cresyl-formaldehyde resin esterified by methacrylic or acrylic acid - short ladder-type blocks can be introduced to the macromolecule. After hydrolysis, copolymer with blocks of acrylic or methacrylic acid groups can be obtained. Number of groups in the block corresponds to the number of units in oligomeric multimonomer. Such copolymers cannot be obtained by the conventional copolymerization. 

After hydrolysis by 2N methanol solution of H2SO4, the product was neutralized with KOH to pH=5 and methanol evaporated. The dry residue was expected to be poly(allilamine), polymethacrylic acid, and K2SO4. Indeed, after extraction with anhydrous methanol and acetone, poly(allilamine) was identified by NMR and IR spectrometries. After evaporation, solvent from the methanol part of the extract insoluble in chloroform part was obtained. After esterification by diazomethane the product was identified as polyfmethyl methacrylate) on the basis of IR and H-NMR spectroscopy. IR spectroscopy was applied in order to examine the copolymerization of multimethacrylate (p-cresyl-formaldehyde oligomers with methacrylic groups) with st3rrene. It was found that double bond peak at 1650 cm disappeared during the process and it was absent in the product of polymerization. Polymerization and... 

Honey Allyl phenoxyacetate, phenylaceiate Benzyl cinnamate Carvacryl acetate Cinnamyl butyrate p-Cresyl acetate p-Cresyl ethyl ether /rt-Cresyl phenylaceiate />-Cresyl phenylaceiate Cyclohexyl phenylacctate Ethyl phenoxyacetate. phenylaceiate Guaiol phenylaceiate Isobutyl phenylaceiate Linalyl butyrate Methyl phenylaceiate Phenethyl acetate, butyrate, phenylaceiate Phenylacetic acid Propyl phenylaceiate Santalyl phenylaceiate. 

Cresol, Cresylic Acid or Methylphenol (called Kresol or Oxytoluol in Ger), CH3.CgH4.OH mw 108.13, 0 14.79% A coml coal tar product of the middle heavy oil fractions. It contains a mixt of o-, m- p- isomers which may be separated by fractional distillation into two fractions o- and a mixt of m- p-cresols. The props of cresol depend upon the compn proportion of isomers in the mixt. See Kirk Othmer (Ref 5) for more details o Cresol, wh crysts, phenol-like odor, poisonous, mp 30.8°, bp 191°, d 1.048 at 20° sol in ale, eth chlf si sol in w (Refs 1 7). Prepn other props are given in Beil (Ref 1)... 

General conditions for the oxidation of an alkyl side chain attached to an aromatic ring are given under Aromatic hydrocarbons, Section 9.6.3, p. 1239. The following procedure for the oxidation of p-cresyl methyl ether to anisic acid is illustrative. 

Prepare a solution of 6 g of potassium permanganate in a mixture of 20 ml of 5 per cent sodium hydroxide solution and 150 ml of water, add 2.0 g of p-cresyl methyl ether and heat under reflux for 2-3 hours. If any permanganate remains at the end of this period, destroy it by the addition of a few drops of ethanol. Remove the precipitated manganese dioxide by filtration at the pump, evaporate the filtrate to a volume of 25-30 ml and acidify it (to Congo red) with dilute sulphuric acid. Anisic acid, m.p. 183-184°C, crystallises out on cooling. 

Serum Uremic syndrome Control rats (6/5) LC-MS Indoxyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, hippuric acid, and p-cresyl-sulfate (57)... 

Helferich10 10 and co-workers prepared phenyl /J-D-fructopyranoside, m. p. 173°, [ ]D —210° in water and o-cresyl /J-D-fructopyranoside, m. p. 167-170°, [o]D —233° in water, by the deacetylation of the products obtained by heating /3-D-fructopyranose pentaacetate with phenol and o-cresol, respectively, in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. 

Figure 9 MECC of cresylic acid and process impurities at pH 7. Conditions capillary, 72 cm X 50 p,m i.d. bubble factor 3 BGE, 20 mM phosphate, 50 mM SDS, pH 7 injection, 50 mbs detection, UV, 191 nm temperature, 50°C voltage, 30 kV (18-s ramp) sample, 1.5% cresylic acid dissolved in water.

SYNS ACETIC ACID-4-METHYLPHENYL ESTER p-ACETOXYTOLUENE 4-ACETOXYTOLUENE p-CRESOL ACETATE p-CRESYL ACETATE (FCQ FEMA No. 3073 4-METHYLBENZOIC ACID METHYL ESTER p-METHYLPHENYL ACETATE NARCEOL PARACRESYL ACETATE O p-TOLYL ACETATE p-TOLYL ETHANOATE... 

SYNS BENZOIC ACID, 4-METHYLPHEN YL ESTER BENZOIC ACID, p-TOLYL ESTER p-CRESYL BENZOATE 4-METHYLPHENYL BENZOATE... 

SYNS p-CRESYL ISOBUTYRATE FEMA No. 3075 ISOBUTYRIC ACID, p-TOLYL ESTER PARACRESYL ISOBUTYRATE... 

SYNS BENZOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, 4-METHYL-PHENYL ESTER (9CI) p-CRESYL SAUCYLATE 4-METHYLPHENYL 2-HYDROXYBENZOATE 4-METHYLPHENYL SALICYLATE SAUCYUC ACID. p-TOLYL ESTER... 

The structures of the lignins are amenable to conversion to several classes of substituted phenols by thermochemical and thermal degradation methods. The displacement of pyroligneous tars by coal tars eliminated much of the demand that existed for the lignin-based products. Creosote oil or cresylic acid, a mixture of o-, m-, and p-cresols, is now manufactured mainly from coal tars, while only small amounts of cresols are made from wood tars. The use of wood tars and other biomass-derived tars as substitutes for a major portion of the phenol and formaldehyde in phenol-formaldehyde resins could reverse this trend (Himmelblau, 1995). The key to this process seems to be that the... 

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