Ortho-cresol

Various derivatives of ortho-cresol are shown in Fig. 7.1 and are discussed subsequently. 

Coumarin is one of the most important aroma chemicals having unique characteristics not only because of its hay-hke bitter sweet odor but also because of its quality as a perfume fixative. 

It is widely distributed in the plant kingdom, but most of it has been produced synthetically. Mostly used as a perfumery chemical in cosmetics and related industries, it is also used for a few industrial applications. The commercial synthesis of coumarin (by the Raschig process) is based on 113 

USA is a major producer of synthetic coumarin. Reportedly 600-700 tpa of coumarin is produced in USA. In 

Europe, particularly in UK, Germany, and France about 250-300 tpa coumarin is produced. In Asia-Pacific region, Japan is the key player. Japan has been producing 200-250 tpa of coumarin. 

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Pure ortho-cresol melting at 30° should be employed, and the results obtained with mixtures of known cineol content were as follows —... 

Cruz SE, Mirshahi T, Thomas B, et al Effects of the abused solvent toluene on recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286 334-340, 1998 De Rosa E, Bartolucci GB, Sigon M, et al Hippuric acid and ortho-cresol as biological indicators ofoccupational exposure to toluene. Am J Ind Med 11 529—537,1987 Delteil P, Stoesser F, Stoesser R L theromanie. Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 1 329-340, 1974... 

Quintelas, C., Sousa, E., Silva, F., Neto, S., and Tavares, T., Competitive biosorption of ortho-cresol, phenol, chlorophenol and chromium (VI) from aqueous solution by a bacterial film supported on granular activated carbon, Process Biochemistry, 4, 2087-2091, 2006. 

Varcum 29-801 (BTL Speciality Corp.) Ortho-Cresol Novolac 90-100 (a)... 

Table IV lists the planarization of 20 - 400 [im wide holes achieved by unbaked and baked films of positive photoresist, ortho-cresol novolac and poly(o>-methylstyrene).

The leveling rate can be increased by increasing the film thickness (10,12). Table V shows the degree of leveling achieved by ortho-cresol novolac and poly(o -methylstyrene) when the final film thickness after baking was about 4 fim. The films were baked at 225 C for 10 min. 

Table VI shows a comparison of the leveling properties of the ortho-cresol novolac film that was baked at 225 C for 15 min with those for a uv-hardened film of a 7 3 mixture of NA and EBDMA. The mixture had a viscosity of 75 cs and a 10 min leveling period was used before uv hardening. Both films had a final film thickness of about 2 fJ.m.

The ortho-cresol novolac film partially planarized holes as wide as 300 fim, while the film of the monomer mixture partially planarized holes as wide as... 

Determining the equilibrium relationships for a multicomponent mixture experimentally requires a considerable quantity of data, and one of two methods of simplification is usually adopted. For many systems, particularly those consisting of chemically similar substances, the relative volatilities of the components remain constant over a wide range of temperature and composition. This is illustrated in Table 11.2 for mixtures of phenol, ortho and meta-cresols, and xylenols, where the volatilities are shown relative to ortho-cresol. 

Grosjean, D. Atmospheric reactions of ortho cresol gas phase and aerosol products, Atmos. Environ., 19(8) 1641-1652,1984. Grosjean, D. Photooxidation of methyl sulfide, ethyl sulfide, and methanethiol, Environ. Sci. Technol, 18(6) 460-468,1984a. Grosjean, D. Atmospheric reactions of styrenes and peroxybenzoyl nitrate, ScL Total Environ., 50 41-59, 1985. 

World Health Organization Environmental Health Criteria 220-Dinitro-ortho-cresol, 75pp. Geneva, 2000... 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Criteria for a Recommended Standard. .. Occupational Exposure to Dinitro-ortho-cresol. DHEW (NIOSH) Pub No 78-131, 147pp. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 1978... 

Three types of closely related cresols exist ortho-cresol (o-cresol), meta- cresol (m-cresol), and para-cresol (p-cresol). Pure cresols are colorless chemicals, but they may be found in brown mixtures such as creosote and cresylic acids (e.g., wood preservatives). Because these three types of cresols are manufactured separately and as mixtures, they can be found both separately and together. Cresols can be either solid or liquid, depending on how pure they are pure cresols are solid, while mixtures tend to be liquid. Cresols have a medicinal smell (odor) and when dissolved in water, they give it a medicinal smell and taste. Cresols do not evaporate quickly from water, but in rivers and lakes, they can be removed quickly by bacteria. Dissolved cresols can pass through soil into underground water sources. This may be a problem at hazardous waste sites where cresols are buried. Once cresols are in the water table, they may stay there for months without changing. Cresols in air quickly change and break down into smaller chemicals, some of which irritate the eyes. Cresols can also irritate the eyes. 

Connecti cut North Carolina North Dakota Nevada New York South Carolina ortho-Cresol... 

Grosjean D. 1984. Atmospheric reactions of ortho cresol Gas phase andaerosol products. Atmos Env 18 1641-1652. 

Hazleton Labs. 1989a. Dominant lethal assay in mice Ortho cresol CRE-9.1- DL-HLA. HLA study no. 10004-0-471. Unpublished data submitted to ChemicalManufacturers Association, Washington, DC. 

MBA. 1988a. Subchronic toxicity of ortho-cresol in Sprague Dawley rats. Unpublished data submitted by Microbiological Associates to EPA. 

A study was undertaken with a view to determine the basic mechanism of failure in series firing ability. The excitation time, transfer time and total rime of three different types of squibs (i) with LMNR as base (ii) with Lead Dimtro-ortho-cresol (LDNOC) as base and (in.) with charcoal plus potassium chlorate as base were determined... 

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