Ozone sensitivity

Shelley, S.A., Paciga, J.E., and Balis, J.U., Lysozyme is an ozone-sensitive component of alveolar type II cell lamellar bodies, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1096, 4, 338, 1991. 

Davis. D. D.. and S. H. Smith. Reduction of ozone-sensitivity of pinto bean by bean common mosaic virus. Phytopathology 64 383-385. 1974. 

Evans, L. S., and P. R. Miller. Comparative needle anatomy and relative ozone sensitivity of four pine species. Can. J. Bot. 50 1067-1076, 1972. 

Evans, L. S., and I. P. Ting. Ozone sensitivity of leaves Relationdiip to leaf water content, gas transfer resistance, and anatomical characteristics. Amer. J. Bot. 61 592-597, 1974. 

Kadota, M.. and K. Ohta. Ozone sensitivity of Japanese plant species in summer, with special reference to a tentative sensitivity grade list for applying to field survey on ozone injury. Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Jap. Soc. Air Pollut.) 7 19-26. (in Japanese, summary in English)... 

Mclivenn, W. D., R. A. Spotts, and D. D. Davis. The influence of soil zinc on nodulation, mycorriiizae, and ozone-sensitivity of pinto bean. Phytopathology 65 645-647, 1975. 

Ting, I. P., and W. M. Dugger, Jr. Factors affecting ozone sensitivity and susceptibility of cotton plants. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 18 810-813, 19M. 

Treshow, M., and D. Stewart. Ozone sensitivity of plants in natural conununhies. Biol. Conserv. 5 209-214, 1973. 

TABLE 13-5 Economic Value of Ozone-Sensitive Materials Exposed to Pollution ... 

Several major features of ozone injury in pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) have been noted by Dugger, Ting and their co-workers ( ) and many of these findings apply in other plant systems as well. In sum, their research has shown that the extent of ozone sensitivity is dependent upon (a) leaf age,... 

One factor contributing to crop losses caused by ozone is the development of abnormal pigments which are viewed as discolored areas on foliage of ozone-sensitive cultivars. Such discoloration is esthetically unacceptable on leafy food crops and probably causes a reduction in the nutritional value of all foliar components used for food and feed. Biochemical and physiological reactions responsible for ozone-induced discolorations have not... 

Correlation Between Total Phenols Expressed as Percent Caffeic Acid Equivalents and Ozone Injury. Twelve cultivars of peanuts ranging from low to high ozone sensitivity were examined. Foliage of each of the cultivars was evaluated for content of total phenols before and after ozone treatment. Because of the relatively high concentrations of caffeic acid in peanut foliage, values are expressed as percent caffeic equivalents in the total phenol assay. Experimental results used in establishing the correlation between caffeic acid and ozone injury are shown in Table I. 

Even though subsequent development of visible injury may be as much a property of basic plant metabolism (44), it is necessary that stomata be open during exposure to the gas (42, 43) in order for leaves otherwise potentially ozone-sensitive to manifest injury symptoms. Thus, after the primary tissue barrier to gaseous exchange is traversed, the second barrier is the plasma membrane. Recent work has shown that ozonation can disrupt ion and water flux at the plasma membrane (45, 46), While membrane functional disturbance need not be indiscriminate (25, 46), the cited work supports the suggestion that cellular membranes represent a principal locus of ozone action (10, 39, 47, 48),... 

An ozone-sensitized oxidative conversion of methane to methanol has been reported.54 A double-layered Sr on La203 then M0O3 on a silica catalyst bed exhibited significantly higher yields of formaldehyde from a methane-air mixture than did M0O3 on silica alone.55... 

This same reversible response is also exhibited by growing pollen tubes taken from ozone-sensitive varieties of tobacco and petunias. If the ozone dose is low enough, i.e., high level but short exposure, tube elongation ceases momentarily and the tip of the tube narrows. After this growth resumes, and within minutes the normal growth rate is resumed and the tube recovers its normal diameter (45). 

If the ozone level is too low, nothing will happen. If the level is too high, elongation will cease and the tube will die. These events occur within a narrow dose range (5-35 ppm for 5-15 min) and can therefore be used to study the threshold levels of sensitivity for pollen of any variety. Other work has shown that relative sensitivity of pollen to ozone is positively correlated to the ozone sensitivity of the pollen parent (43). Sulzbach and Pack (46) have also demonstrated that pollen sensitivity to atmospheric pollutants may be a useful tool for screening plant materials to learn their relative tolerance to pollutants and to attempt to discover selection pressures that may be affecting plant pcpulations. 

Infection by dwarf mistletoe and true mistletoe of conifer hosts is commonplace in the San Bernardino and Angeles National Forests. There is no experimental evidence to define the ozone sensitivity of the aerial shoots of the mistletoes relative to the foliage of their conifer hosts. Cursory observations of dwarf mistletoe on pines suggest no injury to dwarf mistletoe shoots. The dwarf mistletoes derive their elaborated carbohydrates entirely from their host (31), and ozone probably depletes the stored carbohydrates of needle tissue (26) which may have been translocated to the parasite. The combined effect of these agents probably means greater stress on the host. On the other hand, true mistletoes manufacture their own carbohydrates (31) and may benefit the host if they are less sensitive to oxidant than the host tree. 

The ozone sensitivity of natural rubber under mechanical stresses double bonds are broken an example is found in, e.g. laboratories where glass tubes are connected with rubber hoses at the connection where the rubber is subjected to stresses, in the long run little tears are formed. 

Wattiez R, Noel-Georis I, Cruyt C, Broeckaert F, Bernard A, Falmagne P. Susceptibility to oxidative stress Proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage from ozone-sensitive and ozone-resistant strains of mice. Proteomics 2003 3(5) 658-65. 

Paraffin waxes, of melting point approximately 55 °C, are used as processing aids. They bloom to the surface and protect ozone sensitive elastomers against cracking under static stress. 

Figure 6.5. Comparison of the observed and calculated ozone sensitivities over 27-day solar rotation timescales, from Chen et al. (1997). The dashed line shows a one-dimensional model calculation, while the solid and dot-dashed lines display two-dimensional model estimates using two different prescriptions for the absolute irradiance changes. Observations from Nimbus-7 SBUV are also presented for comparison.

The decomposition of ozone sensitized by chlorine is another example of photosensitization. Ozone is stable under irradiation by visible light. The absorption continuum begins at about 290 nm. In the presence of a little chlorine, ozone decomposes rapidly. The chlorine absorbs continuously below 478.5 nm ... 

Zimmer M, Buigmair M, Schamagl K, Karthigeyan A, DoU T, Eisele I (2001) Gold and platinum as ozone sensitive layer in work-function gas sensors. Sens Actuators B 80 174-178 Zisman WA (1932) A new method of measuring contact potential differences in metals. Rev Sd Instrum 3 367—370... 

The conversion of ethane to methanol and ethanol by ozone sensitized partial oxidation at near atmospheric pressure has been quantitatively studied. The effect of temperature, oxygen concentration in the inlet gas, contact time in the reactor and ozone concentration in oxygen has been evaluated. The selectivity in regard to ethanol, methanol, as well as the combined selectivity towards formaldehyde-acetaldehyde-methanol-ethanol is also discussed [96]. 

FIGURE 12.8 Rate of ozone absorption versus time for a specimen under 20% elongation. Ozone flow rate = 1.05 X 10" mol/min. S12 is unprotected elastomer. 8126 contains 2 phr of Af,Af -di-iec-butyl- 7-phenylenediamine. The discontinuity in the curve for S12B resulted from an interruption in the test that allowed more ozone-sensitive material to diffuse to the surface. (Data from Ambelang, J. C. et al., Rubber Chem. TechnoL, 36, 1497, 1963 Erickson, E. R. et al., Rubber Chem. TechnoL, 32, 1062, 1959.)... 

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