Response reversible

The correct understanding of these words and their implications is of fundamental importance for the scientific and industrial community interested in sensor science development, since it allows the correct dissemination of both experimental and theoretic results, even if other important terms in the sensor field have not been discussed in this chapter, such as speed of response, reversibility, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability, to which some attention was paid during the presentation of this work at the ASI. 

Despite the asymmetry between the forward and reverse current or charge responses, reversibility may be strictly defined by the transformations depicted in Figure 1.4. The anodic trace is first measured against the prolongation of the forward trace (the trace that would have been obtained if the forward scan had been prolonged beyond the inversion potential), as symbolized by a series of vertical arrows. After symmetry about the horizontal axis, the resulting curve is shifted to the initial potential in the case of the time dependence representation. Alternatively, in the case of the potential dependence representation, another symmetry about E = E° is performed. In both cases, reversibility, in both the chemical and electrochemical senses, is demonstrated by the exact superposition of the hence-transformed reverse trace with the forward trace. 

Fig. 7A—C. Biochemo-mechanical function of NIPA gel with immobilized concanavalin A (A) Schematic illustration of saccharide-responsive, reversible swelling of a NIPA gel loaded with concanavalin A. Na DS"- is dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). (B) Temperature dependence for equilibrated volume of NIPA gel including the Con A-DSS complex (DSS-gel, O), MP (MP-gel, ), and free of both DSS and MP (A). The latter was prepared as a control sample as described in the text except for the use of an aqueous Con A solution instead of the Con A-DSS solution. Hysteresis was observed in the volume changes of the MP-gel and free-Con A gel on heating and cooling, indicating a discontinuous phase transition. The diameter of each gel in the collapsed state, determined at 50 °C, was d0 = 0.074 mm the volume of this gel is denoted Vp. The concentration of dry matter in the collapsed state was estimated from the preparation recipe to be 90 wt%. (C) Repeated swelling/shrinking control at 34.5 °C by alternate binding of DSS and MP to gel-entrapped Con A. (E. Kokufuta, Y.-Q. Zhang and T. Tanaka [78])...

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Adverse effects observed at therapeutic doses include cough, dermal reactions, blood dyscrasias, bronch-ospasm, and hypogeusia. Angioedema has been reported, but does not appear to be an IgG related immune response. Reversible renal failure has been reported with chronic therapy. Clinical effects that may occur include hypotension with or without a reflex tachycardia, changes in level of consciousness that are directly related to vascular changes, and hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can occur as a response to sodium loss. Delayed hypotension, at 19 and 25 h, has been observed following ingestion of captopril. 

Dimitrov, L, Trzebicka, B., MiiUer, A.H.E. et al. 2007. Thermosensitive water-soluble copolymers with doubly responsive reversibly interacting entities. Prog Polym Sci. 32 1275-1343. 

Kan KH, Li J, Wijesekera K, Cranston ED (2013) Polymer-grafted cellulose nanocrystals as pH-responsive reversible flocculants. Biomacromolecules 14 3130-3139... 

Tsitsilianis C (2010) Responsive reversible hydrogels from associative smart macromolecules. Soft Matter 6 2372. doi 10.1039/b923947b... 

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Allendorf et al. (2(X)8) established that the energy of molecular adsorption within a porous MOF structure could be transformed into mechanical energy which could be utilized to create a responsive, reversible, and selective sensor. Allendorf et al. (2011) believe that this application is limited only by the development of MOFs with high chemical selectivity and the ability to grow these onto the desired substrate. 

Thermosensitive water-soluble copolymers with doubly responsive reversibly interacting entities... 

Zhang K-D, Zhou T-Y, Zhao X, Jiang X-K, Li Z-T (2012) Redox-responsive reverse vesicles self-assembled by pseudo[2]rotaxanes for tunable dye release. Langmuir 28 14839-14844... 

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