Oxidation stability of gasoline

Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)... 

Gasoline contains methanol methanol reduces the oxidative stability of gasoline... 

D 4739 D 4742 Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Titration. Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by Thin Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT)... 

Oxidative damage, role of ascorbic acid in preventing, 25 769 Oxidative degradation, 70 682 of gasoline, 72 399-400 Oxidative dehydrogenation, 23 342-343 Oxidative pyrolysis, 27 466 Oxidative stability, of olefin fibers, 77 229 Oxidative stability test, 72 400 Oxide crystal glass-ceramics, 72 641 Oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloys, 77 103-104... 

Fuel degradation by oxidation is a common cause of fuel stability problems. Gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and heating oil are all susceptible to oxidative degradation. The following methods can be used to help determine the oxidative stability of fuels ... 

Other tests to predict stability of gasoline have been developed and reported in the literature. One, developed by the U.S. military, stores gasoline at elevated (43°C) temperatures for up to 12 weeks and measures existent gum at the end of that period (26). Another measures existent gum in the presence of copper. The copper catalyzes oxidation and may be a better estimator of the stability of gasoline at high temperature/low residence time conditions. 

Stabilization of Fuels and Lubricants. Gasoline and jet engine fuels contain unsaturated compounds that oxidize on storage, darken, and form gums and deposits. Radical scavengers such as 2,4-dimethyl-6-/ f2 butylphenol [1879-09-0] 2,6-di-/ f2 -butyl-/)-cresol (1), 2,6-di-/ f2 -butylphenol [128-39-2], and alkylated paraphenylene diamines ate used in concentrations of about 5—10 ppm as stabilizers. 

Another ASTM test method, Potential Gum (D873), combines the existent gum and the oxidation stability tests to measure potential gum. A sample of gasoline is subjected to the oxidation stability test for 960 min, filtered to remove particulates, and then subjected to an existent gum test. The potential gum is expressed as the total (unwashed) gum in this test. 

A gold-based material has been formulated for use as a three-way catalyst in gasoline and diesel applications.28 This catalyst, developed at Anglo American Research Laboratories in South Africa, consisted of 1% Au supported on zirconia-stabilized-Ce02, ZrC>2 and TiC>2, and contained 1% CoOx, 0.1% Rh, 2% ZnO, and 2% BaO as promoters. The catalytically active gold-cobalt oxide clusters were 40-140 nm in size. This catalyst was tested under conditions that simulated the exhaust gases of gasoline and diesel automobiles and survived 773 K for 157 h, with some deactivation (see Section 11.2.7). 

Use Oxidation inhibitor and stabilizer in gasoline (satisfies ASTM D910-64T as antioxidant in aviation gasoline), prevents decomposition of tetraethyl lead in gasoline. 

Besides food uses the original linoleic sunflower oil as well as HOSO are used in industrial applications because of their specific properties. For example, in view of the higher oxidative stability high-oleic sunflower oil is used as diesel and gasoline engine lubricant. Containing around 70% linoleic acid, sunflower oil is a semi-drying oil. Insofar as is economically feasible, sunflower oil may replace soybean oil in the manufacture of resins or carrier oils for paint and ink formulations. " ... 

Polystyrene is miscible with poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide), PPO. The commercial composition actually uses HIPS blended with PPO, again resulting in a very tough product. A blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride) with poly(methyl methacrylate) imparts both light stability and gasoline resistance, making it useful for coating automotive parts. 

Butylene oxide is used principally as an HCl acceptor in stabilizer formulations for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, a dry-cleaning and metal-cleaning solvent. It is also used as a pharmaceutical intermediate and as a comonomer in making nonionic surfactants and copoly(alkylene oxide)s. Other uses include preparation of gasoline additives, butanol amines, butylene glycols, and their ether and ester derivatives. 

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