Paraphenylene diamine

Stabilization of Fuels and Lubricants. Gasoline and jet engine fuels contain unsaturated compounds that oxidize on storage, darken, and form gums and deposits. Radical scavengers such as 2,4-dimethyl-6-/ f2 butylphenol [1879-09-0] 2,6-di-/ f2 -butyl-/)-cresol (1), 2,6-di-/ f2 -butylphenol [128-39-2], and alkylated paraphenylene diamines ate used in concentrations of about 5—10 ppm as stabilizers. 

Paraphenylene-diamine derivatives A/,N -Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IV) /V,A/ -Di-p-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine (V) Yes Yes Powerful antioxidants. Have been used in a variety of plastics materials. Tendency to bloom, bleed and stain mitigates against more extensive use. Compound (V) now withdrawn by some suppliers. 

Studies of the reaction rates of various substituted paraphenylene diamines (PPDAs) towards ozone show that their reactivities are directly related to the electron density on the nitrogens due to the different substituents. Reactivity decreases in the following order 7/,7/,7/, M-tetraalkyl > 7/,A, M-trialkyl > A,A -dialkyl > A -alkyl-M-aryl > -diaryl [61]. It should be noted that their ease of... 

Figure III.2 Product sheet of the aromatic amine N-, 3-dimethylbutyl-/V -phenyl-paraphenylene-diamine. After Gijsman [1], Reproduced by permission of P. Gijsman...

Interpretation/Results The colored component of the bad DA monomer is identified by LC-IR as N,N-dimethyl paraphenylene diamine. 

High adhesive polyimide films were prepared by Kaneshiro et al. (2) consisting of 2,2-bisaminophenoxylphenylpropane and paraphenylene diamine, pyro-mellitic dianhydride, and 3,3, 4,4 -benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. 

PB. Sulekha, R. Joseph, and K.E. George, Studies on polyisobutylene bound paraphenylene diamine antioxidant in natural rubber, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 63(2) 225-230, February 1999. 

Abbreviations BSA, bovine serum albumin Chi, chlorophyll DCPIP, 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol DMBQ, 2, 6-dimethyl-l, 4-benzoquinone DTT, dithiothreitol Fd, ferredoxin Hepes, N-2-hydroxyethyl-piperazine N -2-ethane sulphonate LDAO, lauryldimethyl amine oxide Mes, 4-morpholine ethane sulphonic acid MV, methyl viologen PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis PRuK, phosphoribulokinase PS, photosystem Ru5P, ribulose 5-phosphate SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate TMPD, N, N, N, N -tetramethyl paraphenylene diamine TRX. thioredoxin... 

Zeggwagh AA, Abouqal R, Abidi K, Madani N, Zekraoui A, Kerkeb O. Thrombus ventriculaire gauche et myocardite toxique induite par la paraphenylene diamine. [Left ventricular thrombus and myocarditis induced by paraphenylenediamine poisoning.] Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2003 22(7) 639-41. 

Bourquia A, Jabrane AJ, Ramdani B, Zaid D. Toxicite systemique de la paraphenylene diamine. Quatre observations. [Systemic toxicity of paraphenylenediamine. 4 cases.) Presse Med 1988 17(35) 1798-800. 

Since 1883, paraphenylene diamine (PPD) has traditionally heen used for dyeing (dark color) hair in Europe [1-2] as a fresh preparation mixed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) [3]. In Sudan PPD is used by women to color their hair and as a body dye when added to henna Lawasonia alba). Henna on it s own need to be applied two or three times for several hours to give the desired color (dark red or black). In contrast this can be achieved with one single application in less than one hour by adding PPD to the henna. The toxicity of PPD, when added to henna occurs through skin... 

Paraphenylene diamine (PPD) [C H (NH2) 2] is an aromatic amine not found in nature. It is a derivative of paranitroanaline and it is available in the form of white crystals when pure and rapidly turns to brown when exposed to air [9]. Paraphenylene diamine has a molecular weight of 108 Dalton its boiling point is 267°C and melting point 140°C. It is soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform, and acetone and with agitation in water [10]. 

Suliman SM, Homeida M, Aboud 01. Paraphenylene diamine induced acute tubular necrosisfollowing hair dye ingestion. Human Toxicol 1983 2 633-635. 

Brown JH, Conway B, Hill CM. Chronic renal failure associated with topical application of paraphenylene diamine. Brit Med J 1987 294 155-156. 

HamdoukM. PPD nephrotoxicity. In Paraphenylene diamine (Hair Dye) Acute Systemic toxicity.Thesis for MMed Sci in Nephrology, Sheffield Kidney Institute, UK. 2001, p. 34-47. 

Ababou A, Ababou K, Mosadik A, Lazreq C, Sbihi A. Myocardial rhabdomyolysis following paraphenylene diamine poisoning. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2000 19 105-107. 

Davison C. Paraphenylene diamine with changes in the central nervous system. Arch Neural psych 1943,49 254-56... 

PPD paraphenylene diamine SNGFR single nephron glomerular filtration rate... 

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