Oxidation factors

Oxide Factor Oxide Factor Oxide Factor Oxide Factor... 

There is a substantial range of costs for Geo-Cleanse in situ chemical oxidation. Factors impacting project costs include the volume and distribution of contamination, the quantity and nature of the contaminant, and the hydraulic conductivity of the formation. These parameters effect the number of injectors needed, amount of hydrogen peroxide and other reagents required, and the time requirements for delivery of injections to the subsurface. Unit costs for large sites with high contamination levels have been reported to be less than 50/kg of contaminant oxidized. Conversely, small low-level contamination sites can be associated with costs over 100/kg of contaminant oxidized (D186612, p. 10). 

Petrov VV, Podosinovikova PP, Kubraskaya LG, Dolgo-Saburov VB (2004) Contribution of the pro-oxidant factor to the mechanism of heavy metals and manganese toxicity. Toksikologicheskii Vestnik (Russian Toxicological Reports ) 1 12-15... 

The isolation of lipoic acid in 1951 followed an earlier discovery that the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena geleii required an unknown factor for growth. In independent experiments acetic acid was observed to promote rapid growth of Lactobacillus casei, but it could be replaced by an unknown "acetate replacing factor." Another lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus faecalis was unable to oxidize pyruvate without addition of "pyruvate oxidation factor." By 1949, all three unknown substances were recognized as identical.291 2913 After working up the equivalent of 10 tons of water-soluble residue from liver, Lester Reed and his collaborators isolated 30 mg of a fat-soluble acidic material which was named lipoic acid (or 6-thioctic acid).292 294... 

Gunsalus, I. C. The chemistry and function of the pyruvate oxidation factor (lipoic acid). J. Cellular Comp. Physiol. 41, Suppl. 1, 113—136 (1953). 

The theoretical factor for total oxidation of glucose is 7.5 mg of glucose per meq of dichromate. For total oxidation of cellulose, the factor is 6.75 mg cellulose per meq of cellulose. As indicated in TAPPI T 235, the actual oxidation is not quite theoretical and is given as 6.85 mg cellulose per meq of dichromate. Pentosans and paper sizing materials give different oxidation factors. 

Trumpower, B. L., and Edwards, C. A., 1979, Identification of oxidation factor as a reconstitu-tively active form of the iron-sulfur protein of the cytochrome fc-Cj segment of the respiratory chain, FEB.S Lett. 100 13nl6. 

Table 5.47 Data for the analysis of variances for two factors with interaction effects. Example of SO2 oxidation factors temperature (T) and flow rate (G).

Inorganic impurities buffers, inorganic reagents, catalysts, heavy metals and their ions (mostly originating from the apparatus), and reduction and oxidation factors... 

Volatile aldehydes, and (E)-2-nonenal in particular, had already been identified as the cause of "rancid odors" in beer (7,8). These substances result firom the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. The direct precursor of (E)-2-nonenal and others carbonyl components is linoleic acid (Ci8 2 A 9,12) (9). Volatile aldehydes may be derived firom fatty acids in various manners. Chemical auto-oxidative factors would seem to provide the most likely explanation for the presence of these components in oak stave wood after seasoning in the open air. On the other hand, enzymatic factors may explain the presence of ese components while the tree is still standing or immediately after it has been cut. Additional research is necessary to pinpoint the exact formation and accumulation mechanisms of these molecules in the wood. 

After suggestions on an iron-sulphur protein in the 6c, complex [215], this subunit was isolated and characterised by Rieske et al. [216,218], but in a form that was not active in reconstitution. Isolation in a reconstitutively active form was pioneered by Racker et al. [219], who showed that a soluble oxidation factor was required for activity. Subsequently, Trumpower and Edwards [220] purified oxidation factor and identified it as a form of the FeS protein that is active in reconstitution. An excellent review on the structure and function of the FeS protein is available [221]. 

Calculated using Table 3 values with an oxidation factor (OF) of 0.88 determined from the data for reduction by (Ru(NH ) p. 

Reactivity patterns in widely varying oxidants are seldom considered, the reduc-tant patterns being more often compared. Such studies can be approached in the same way as that of reductants, but because the [CoCNHjjjX]"" oxidants are so common, there may be more difficulties in determining both the self-exchange rate and reduction potential. Table 1 lists values of and for several oxidants, as well as the calculated oxidation factors (OF) [using (f) in 12.2.5.1.1]. These OF values can be corrected to give effective oxidation (actors, but because fewer reversals of trends appear, the effective oxidation factors are not included here. The OF values suggest a reactivity pattern with a reductant of = 0.3 of [Ru(bipy)3] > [Fe(l,10-phen)3 + > [IrBr ] ",... 

The Ru(ll) complex is converted from a poor reductant to one that is better than Cr or In the excited state, reactivity toward oxidants is expected and found, e.g., Eu can be reduced by the excited state of [Ru(bipy)j] with a rate constant of 2 X 10 M s , a value close to that predicted by calculating the OF(Eu ) (OF is the oxidation factor) with the data in Table 1, 12.2.5.1.1, and estimating the RF (reduction factor) of [ Ru(bipy)3P from the reduction potential of Eq. (c) and a self-ex-... 

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