Oxidation factor California

A project at the University of California at Riverside (FEDRIP 1996) will study factors affecting the biodegradation in soils of several pesticides and halogenated organics by such microbes as Methano-bacterium thermoautotrophicum. This anaerobic bacterium shows the potential for very rapid oxidation of... 

The problems with various primary calibration standards are still being resolved. The earlier discussion of DeMore et al, indicates the work undertaken by the carb in comparing oxidant calibration procedures. It was recommended that all oxidant analyzers in the California network be calibrated by a secondary standard consisting of an ultraviolet ozone analyzer. The primary standard recommended is ultraviolet photometry. These recommendations have been adopted by the cars. Potassium iodide, indicated as a second choice, requires the application of a correction factor of 0.78. 

Trends in air pollutant concentrations can be predicted with simple empirical models based on atmospheric and laboratoiy data. Concentrations of nonreactive pollutants from point sources can be predicted vfith accuracy well within a factor of 2 predictions are more likely to be too high than too low, especially predictions of concentration peaks. Concentrations of reactive pollutants, such as ozone and other photochemical oxidants, can be predicted reasonably well with photochemical-diffusion models when detailed emission, air quality, and meteorolc c measurements are available most such predictions of air pollution in Los Angeles, California, have been accurate to within approximately 50% for ozone. Detailed performance analyses are found elsewhere in this chapter. 

Data are available back to 1963 from the downtown San Bernardino station operated by the county Air Pollution Control District (apcd). The colorimetric potassium io de method used to measure total oxidants was calibrated according to the method of the California Air Resources Board. A positive correction factor of 1.22 was used to adjust mountain data for the decreased air pressure at the higher elevation. 

In 2000, cost estimates for the NoVOCs system were calculated based on a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) demonstration at North Island Naval Air Station in California. One-time capital costs for the NoVOCs system were estimated to be 190,000. Operational costs were an additional 160,000 for the first year and 150,000 for each additional year. Factoring in a 4% annual inflation rate, total costs are as follows 350,000 for 1 year, 670,000 for 3 years, 1,000,000 for 5 years, and 2,000,000 for 10 years of operation. At the North Island site, a Thermatrix flameless oxidation system (T0795) was also used as part of the treatment train. The Thermatrix system cost an additional 989,000 (D21594L, pp. ES-8, ES-9). 

Carothers and Kharaka (1980) reported 5 C values of inorganic carbon dissolved in oil-field waters from California and Texas, and discussed the sources and reactions that yield 5 C of —20%c to 28%c. Dissolution of carbonate minerals and the oxidation of reduced carbon both produce bicarbonate as a by-product. Emery and Robinson (1993) reported a range from — 60%o to 10%o, depending on the source of the carbon and the fractionation factors accompanying the production of HCOj". 

The composition of talc varies depending on its source. The most important factor is the amount of tremolite present. In the USA, for instance, Montana talcs are considered to be asbestos and tremolite free. The California plate-like talcs contain minor amounts of tremolite (less than 3%), whereas hard talcs contain between 5 to 25% tremolite. Some industrial talcs mined in upper New York State contain 25 to 50% tremolite. The other important component in its composition is water which is chemically combined in the magnesium oxide or brucite layer. Figure 2.62 shows the molecular structure of talc. Talc may lose this water only on... 

---