Tumor necrosis factor nitric oxide production

Recently, the possibility to use C60 as anti-inflammatory compound has been reported (Huang et al., 2008). Fullerene-xanthine hybrids have been studied to determine if nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages can be inhibited by hybrid administration, finding positive results. The presence of xanthine moiety seems to be essential for the inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-a production, while the fullerene portion ameliorates the efficiency in LPS-induced NO production blockage, leading to a new promising class of potent anti-inflammatoiy agents. It is necessary to mention also the opposite results obtained by an amino acid fullerene derivative tested on human epidermal keratinocytes at concentration from 0.4 to 400 pg/mL. 

Gallily R, Yamin A, Waksmann Y, Ovadia H, Weidenfeld J, Bar-Joseph A, Biegon A, Mechoulam R, Shohami E. (1997). Protection against septic shock and suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide production by dexanabinol (HU-211), a nonpsychotropic cannabinoid. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 283(2) 918-24. 

There is a great deal of evidence that AmB can exert a number of effects directly on cells of the immune system, and particularly on macrophages to increase nonspecific defense mechanisms against pathogens and cancer cells. These mechanisms include the production of nitric oxide (NO) (32) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) (33), which could contribute to the antifungal and antiparasitic activity of AmB. However, excess TNF-a production could also be responsible for some of the side effects associated with AmB treatment, such as fever and chills. 

Rodriguez-Cabezaz, M. E., ]. Galvez, M. D. Lorente, et al. Dietary fiber down-regulates colonic tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide production in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis rats. J Nutr 2002 132(11) 3263-3271. 

Pycnogenol affects the activity of nitric oxide synthase and the production of nitric oxide in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cell line) activated by endotoxin (the lipopolysaccharide) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-... 

Rat (Fischer- 344) 2-4 wk 5 d/wk 5 hr/d 0.36 (decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide and increased nitric oxide production) Cohen et al. 1998 BaCr04 (VI)... 

Kirikae, T. Ojima, I. Ma, Z. Kirikae, F. Hirai, Y. Nakano, M. Structural significance of the benzoyl group at the C-3 -N position of pacUtaxel for nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor production by murine macrophage. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1998, 245 298-704. 

The innate pro-inflammatory response of these cells is activated upon exposure to LPS, prostaglandin or other TLR ligands, leading to production of classical proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a. On the other hand, classical activation by interferon (fFN)- /andLPS leads to production of TNF-a and also increased secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 

Hunot S, Dugas N, Faucheux B, Hartmann A, Tardieu M, Debre P, Agid Y Dugas B, Hirsch EC (1999) FceRJI/CD23 is expressed in Parkinson s disease and induces, in vitro, production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in glial cells. J Neurosci 19 3440-3447. 

Archer, S. (1993) Measurement of nitric oxide in biological models. Faseb J. 7 349-360. Bagavandoss, P., Wiggins, R.C.,Kunkel, S.L.,Remick, D.G., and Keyes, P.L. (1990). Tumor necrosis factor production and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy and pregnancy in rabbits. Biol.Reprod. 42 367-376. 

Geng, Y., Hansson, G. K., and Holme, E. (1992). Interferon-y and tumor necrosis factor synergize to induce nitric oxide production and inhibit mitochondrial respiration in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ. Res. 71, 1268-1276. 

Kosaka, H., Harada, N., Watanabe, M., Yoshihara, H., Katsuki, Y., and Shiga, T. (1992). Synergistic stimulation of nitric oxide hemoglobin production in rats by recombinant interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189,392-397. 

Shi, Y., Li, H. Q., Shen, C. K., Wang, J. H., Pan, J., Quin, S. W., and Liu, R. (1993). Association between protective efficiacy of antibodies to tumor necrosis factor and suppression of nitric oxide production in neonatal rats with fatal infection. Pediatr. Res. 34, 345-348. 

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