In situ chemical oxidation

Field experiences have demonstrated that the successful application of in situ chemical oxidation requires the consideration of several factors through an integrated evaluation and design practice. Matching the oxidant and in situ delivery system to the contaminants of concern and the site conditions is the key to successful implementation of such techniques [1778]. 

U.S. EPA, Engineering Issue Paper In Situ Chemical Oxidation, Technical Report EPA-600-R-06-072, U.S. EPA, Washington, 2006. 

Kelly, K.L., Marley, M.C., and Sperry, K.L., In-situ chemical oxidation of MTBE, Contaminated Soil, Sediment and Water, July/August 2002. 

Interstate Technology and Regulatory Cooperation Work Group, Technical and Regulatory Guidance for In Situ Chemical Oxidation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater. Available at http //www. itrcweb.org/ISCO-l.pdf, June 2001. 

Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), In Situ Chemical Oxidation Initiative. Available at www.serdp-estcp.org/ISCO.cfm, 2003. 

Scheme 3 Synthesis of 3-D-GalpNAcA-(l -> 4)-d-G1c/>NAc by coupled use of galactose oxidase from Dactylium dendroides and P-W-acetylhexosaminidase from Talaromyces flavus, followed by in situ chemical oxidation.76...

T0571 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, In Situ Chemical Oxidation through Recirculation (ISCOR)... 

An in situ chemical oxidation field demonstration using potassium permanganate for the remediation of chlorinated solvents was conducted in 1996 at the U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE s) Kansas City Plant in Kansas City, Missouri. The total cost of the demonstration was approximately 1,000,000. This included all pre- and posttesting, permitting, equipment, and labor. The estimated cost of this technology is around 128/yd (D18766A, p.l5). 

In situ chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate was also demonstrated to treat dense, non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) at the Canadian Forces Base Borden in Ontario, Canada, between 1996 and 1997. This application used a series of six injection and five oxidant recovery weUs. The total cost of the project was approximately 45,000 (D18766A, p.l3). 

TABLE 1 Cost Information for Various In Situ Chemical Oxidation Technologies... 

There is a substantial range of costs for Geo-Cleanse in situ chemical oxidation. Factors impacting project costs include the volume and distribution of contamination, the quantity and nature of the contaminant, and the hydraulic conductivity of the formation. These parameters effect the number of injectors needed, amount of hydrogen peroxide and other reagents required, and the time requirements for delivery of injections to the subsurface. Unit costs for large sites with high contamination levels have been reported to be less than 50/kg of contaminant oxidized. Conversely, small low-level contamination sites can be associated with costs over 100/kg of contaminant oxidized (D186612, p. 10). 

The C-Sparger is an in situ chemical oxidation technology designed to remove halogenated solvents such as perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and dichloroethene (DCE)... 

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