Oxidation cyclic

Chou SM, Wang HS, Taniguchi A. Role of SOD-1 and nitric oxide/cyclic GMP cascade on neurofilament aggregation in ALS/MND. J Neurol Sci 1996 139 suppl 16-26. 

Fedele, E., Varnier, G., Ansaldo, M.A., Raiteri, M. Nicotine administration stimulates the in vivo N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in rat hippocampus through glutamate release. Br. J. Pharmacol. 125 1042, 1998. 

A typical manganese-salen complex (27)[89] is capable of catalysing the asymmetric epoxidation of (Z)-alkenes (Scheme 18) using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as the principle oxidant. Cyclic alkenes and a, (3-unsaturated esters are also excellent starting materials for example indene may be transformed into the corresponding epoxide (28) with good enantiomeric excess1901. The epoxidation of such alkenes can be improved by the addition of ammonium acetate to the catalyst system 911. 

Fig. 4 Oxidative cyclic voltammogram of 2.4 x 10 M Mn" (Me2pzb)2 in 1,2-dichloroethane containing 0.1 M TBAPFg at r = 0.1 V s (reprinted with permission from Ref 15, Copyright 2003 American Chemical Society).

Southam, E., East, S. J., and Garthwaite, J. (1991). Excitatory amino acid receptors coupled to the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in rat cerebellum during development. 

On controlled potential oxidation, cyclic peralkylsilanes undergo ring opening followed by further Si—Si bond cleavage and reaction with BF4 to form a, >-difluorosilanes as the major products (equation 45)53. 

Cucarella C, Montoliu C, Hermenegildo C, et al. 1998. Chronic exposure to aluminum impairs neuronal glutamate-nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway. J Neurochem 70 1609-1614. 

Table 2 Reactions of 1,3,2-dioxathiolane S-oxides (cyclic sulfites) with N-nucleophiles... 

Several recent publications describe cleavage of 1,3,2-dioxathiolane. S -dioxides (cyclic sulfates) by halide nucleophiles that furnish halohydrines, which can be used as synthetic intermediates, primarily for preparation of corresponding epoxides or for further reactions with nucleophiles (Table 6). Similar reactions with chloride have been studied for 1,3,2-dioxathiolane J-oxides (cyclic sulfites) <1996ACS832>. 

Similar elimination from 1,3,2-dioxathiolane -oxides (cyclic sulfites) has been studied and used along with an in situ trap (DBU/TMSC1) to obtain a tautomeric equivalent of a-oxocarboxylic acid ester (Scheme 14)... 

The most widely used method for the preparation of 1,3,2-dioxathiolane. Y-oxides (cyclic sulfites) 65 bearing C-linked substituents is the reaction of the corresponding 1,2-diols with thionyl chloride in presence of pyridine or Et3N (Scheme 18). More reactive 1,3,2-dioxathiolane. Y,.Y-dioxidcs (cyclic sulfates) 66 are usually obtained by oxidation of sulfites 65 with sodium periodate, which is mediated by mthenium tetroxide generated in situ from a catalytic amount of ruthenium trichloride. Numerous derivatives 65 and 66 were obtained via this approach and its modifications for further transformations, mostly as the synthetic equivalents of epoxides <1997AHC89, 2000T7051> (see also Sections 6.05.5 and 6.05.6, and Tables 1-7). 

Maura G, Marcoli M, Pepicelli O, Rosu C, Viola C, Raiteri M. Serotonin inhibition of the NMDA receptor/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in human neocortex slices involvement of 5-HT2c and 5-HT1A receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2000 130 1853-1858. 

Dihy dro-5,10-di-methylphenazine C 2 rev. le-oxidations (Cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry), ESR ... 

Deactivation Environment Inert or oxidizing Cyclic redox Cyclic redox... 

The possibility of forming 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxides (cyclic sulfites) from 1,2-diols and thionyl chloride may be used to obtain information on the steric arrangement of the hydroxyl groups (63CRV557). Since the S=0 group is a chromophore (cf. Section 4.33.2.2.4),... 

A theoretical/NMR study of keto-enol tautomerism in 2-(2-methoxycarbony-lacetyl)pyrazine (277/278) and other similarly substituted azines has been undertaken the foregoing pyrazine exists in its enolic form (278) to the extent of 35% in deuterochloroform.411 l,4-Diacetyl-l,4-dihydropyrazine (279) gave the persistent radical cation (279) + on one-electron oxidation (cyclic voltammetry in MeCN— Bu4NC104).167... 

Unsaturated cyclic dipeptide 230 was subjected to quantitative hydrogenation in the presence of Pd/C to produce cyclic dipeptide 231(Scheme 94 <20010L893>). It was expected that incorporation of this peptide instead of the oxidized, cyclic Cys-Cys will provide stable and potentially useful peptidomimetics. 

Durner, J., Wendehenne, D. and Klessig, D.F., 1998, Defense gene induction in tobacco by nitric oxide, cyclic GMP, and cyclic ADP-ribose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 10328-10333. 

The fust example of rhodium catalysis for this purpose utilized chlorotiis(triphenylphosphine)rho-diumG) to catalyze the allylic oxidation of a range of alkenes. 47oxidize cyclic allylsilanes " to afford -silyl-2-cycloalkoiones in very good yields and with exclusive fearrangemrat (equation 43). 

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