Overall System Description

An adjustable choke is located at each well for adjusting the well outlet pressure. The chokes are controlled at a discharge pressure of 2000 psi (136 barr). A wellhead control panel is located at each well. All critical controls for each well are included in the local panel. All well operation is carried out locally, but key parameters are monitored by operators from the treatment plant main control center. The data from each well to the main control center is sent via a radio communication system. 

The main and the test headers are connected to separators. The purpose of the separators is to separate condensate and other liquid contaminants from the gas. The gas and liquids from the separators are further treated 

Some critical parameters associated with the system operation are  

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Figure 8. Overall system description given by the primary monitor...

Synthesis design and reaction prediction can draw benefits from all these features of a computer. Our own work in this area began in 1974, and in 1978 the computer program system EROS (Elaboration of Reactions for Organic Synthesis) was first presented 6. Since then, several reports on certain aspects of the system development have appeared, but sometimes in less easily available journals or books7. Moreover, there has been no description of the overall system as it now stands. This article is intended to rectify this situation. 

We have previously emphasized (Section 2.10) the importance of considering only intensive properties Rt (rather than size-dependent extensive properties Xt) as the proper state descriptors of a thermodynamic system. In the present discussion of heterogeneous systems, this issue reappears in terms of the size dependence (if any) of individual phases on the overall state description. As stated in the caveat regarding the definition (7.7c), the formal thermodynamic state of the heterogeneous system is wholly / dependent of the quantity or size of each phase (so long as at least some nonvanishing quantity of each phase is present), so that the formal state descriptors of the multiphase system again consist of intensive properties only. We wish to see why this is so. 

An Overall Process Description to Create or Improve a Management of Change System... 

Given a process description, (a) draw and fully label a flowchart (b) choose a convenient basis of calculation (c) for a multiple-unit process, identify the subsystems for which balances might be written (d) perform the degree-of-freedom analysis for the overall system... 

Description—Overall general description of the container-closure system plus specific information on suppliers, materials of construction, and postmanufacturing treatments. 

The starting point of the classical description of motion is the Newton equations that yield a phase space trajectory (r (f), p (f)) for a given initial condition (r (0), p (0)). Alternatively one may describe classical motion in the framework of the Liouville equation (Section (1,2,2)) that describes the time evolution of the phase space probability density p f). For a closed system fully described in terms of a well specified initial condition, the two descriptions are completely equivalent. Probabilistic treatment becomes essential in reduced descriptions that focus on parts of an overall system, as was demonstrated in Sections 5.1-5.3 for equilibrium systems, and in Chapters 7 and 8 that focus on the time evolution of classical systems that interact with their thermal environments. 

This simple definition disregards, that more than one structural perspective together with the corresponding dependencies will be necessary. Structural perspectives, for example, include a conceptual, a development, and a process view [603]. Therefore, high-level diagrams such as Fig. 5.55 are helpful to get a first impression of the overall system s structure, but are not an adequate description of a software system to serve as a blueprint for building the system. 

The Cognitive Correspondence Principle Named after the inspiration of Neils Bohr in tying quantum physics to Newtonian physics, this principle recognizes the mathematical hierarchy required in modeling complex systems and need to make simplifying assumptions. It states that each assumption must, in the limit, be found to be a valid truncation of a more precise mathematical description of the overall system. 

Figure 4.1 Schematic description of a reacting system (a) overall system and (b) differential reactor.

The overall system should generally be tested against the URS/functional description. Black box tests are most appropriate here. 

For a thermodynamic description of a system, there is one important set of additional requirements The system must be in mechanical and thermal equilibrium. Equilibrium requires that the intensive variables, such as concentration, pressure, and temperature, are constant throughout the system. If the system is not in equilibrium, however, not all is lost. Analysis is still possible, but with a greater effort. One must then recognize that the overall system can be considered as being composed of many... 

The extensive properties of the overall system that is not in equilibrium, such as volume or energy, are simply the sums of the (almost) equilibrium properties of the subsystems. This simple division of a sample into its subsystems is the type of treatment needed for the description of irreversible processes, as are discussed in Sect. 2.4. Furthermore, there is a natural limit to the subdivision of a system. It is reached when the subsystems are so small that the inhomogeneity caused by the molecular structure becomes of concern. Naturally, for such small subsystems any macroscopic description breaks down, and one must turn to a microscopic description as is used, for example, in the molecular dynamics simulations. For macromolecules, particularly of the flexible class, one frequently finds that a single macromolecule may be part of more than one subsystem. Partially crystalhzed, linear macromolecules often traverse several crystals and surrounding liquid regions, causing difficulties in the description of the macromolecular properties, as is discussed in Sect. 2.5 when nanophases are described. The phases become interdependent in this case, and care must be taken so that a thermodynamic description based on separate subsystems is still valid. 

An overall process description to create or improve a management of change system... 

Implicit in the development or implementation of a data-driven system is a description of the data model and the data requirements. The data model, in common with other system components, should be developed to the same integrity as the overall system. Unfortunately, experience and anecdotal evidence suggests that this is not commonly the case. Development of the data model is complicated by the fact that many systems interface with peer, subordinate and supervisory systems [Faulkner 2002, Storey 2003]. 

From the overall system, one can obtain a skeleton mechanism that includes only a minimal set of reactions and species that are necessary for the system description. From a skeleton mechanism, one can obtain a reduced mechanism, valid for the specific conditions for which it had been obtained. The sensitivity analysis method is one of the principal techniques used to obtain reduced kinetic mechanisms [3, 5, 6]. 

In order to solve the set of mass balances, Eqs. (32), (33), and (34), both the fractional loss of fines mioss, and the resulting mass transfer between the neighboring size intervals m,- must be known for each size interval. Hence the influence of the individual particle sizes must be taken into account. Based on the description of the abrasion-induced loss flow from an overall system that is summarized in Eq. (27) this can be done as follows. 

All existing sectorial and area RVAs were requested from the municipalities. Furthermore, all actors, public and private, who were invited to participate in the analysis process, were requested to provide their own RVAs or other relevant information. In addition, system descriptions, plans and more overall risk assessments (county, national, global) were used both to identify hazards/threats as well as to support the detailed analysis of these. 

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