Other Common Architectures

Other common architectures for interferometric optical fibre systems are known as Mach-Zender, Michelson and Fabry-Perot, the names coming... 

A kit of components is designed to a common architecture and can readily be plugged together in many ways. But more often, we must use components that were not designed to work together and may not have been designed specifically to work with any other software. 

The use of FRP is desired to replace older materials of construction such as concrete, stucco, etc. They have been used in many historical preservation projects. The reason they are desired is because of light weight, durability ease of installation, and low maintenance (no dry rot, attack by insects, mold, etc.). These are typically nonstructural parts made by spray-up process or continuous panel process. An example are shown in Figure 23.11. This market is expected to continue to grow. The main resin used for exterior architectural applications are halogenated polyester resins. Since there is not a smoke requirement, resins that meet the ASTM E-84 flame spread requirement of <25 can be used for this application. The other common material used for these applications is polyester resin or modified acrylic resins that are filled with ATH. The ATH filled resins can also be used in interior applications since they will typically also have low smoke values. 

There are literally dozens of kinds of neural network architectures in use. A simple taxonomy divides them into two types based on learning algorithms (supervised, unsupervised) and into subtypes based upon whether they are feed-forward or feedback type networks. In this chapter, two other commonly used architectures, radial basis functions and Kohonen self-organizing architectures, will be discussed. Additionally, variants of multilayer perceptrons that have enhanced statistical properties will be presented. 

It is so often stated that water is a ubiquitous liquid on earth and a general solvent for many kinds of solutes that such statements sound as clichds. Nevertheless, they are correct and merit discussion. Other common statements are that the properties of water are unique among liquids and are difficult to understand No one really understands water. It s embarrassing to admit it, but the stuff that covers two-thirds of our planet is still a mystery. Worse, the more we look, the more the problems accumulate new techniques probing deeper into the molecular architecture of liquid water are throwing up more puzzles. (Ball 2008). Unfortunately, to date this situation keeps being rather true and should be accorded a more comprehensive treatment. 

When sarcoidosis progresses to fibrosis, architectural distortion and traction bronchiectasis classically radiating from the hilum to the adjacent upper and lower lobes can be found. Other common CT abnor-mahties in fibrotic sarcoidosis include honeycombing, cysts, and buUa formation. Airway stenosis in sarcoidosis is usually due to extrinsic scarring, or to endobronchial granulomas, whereas lymphadenopathy alone is a rare cause of symptomatic airway narrowing. 

A polymer, by conventional definition, is a macromolecule made up of multiple equivalents of one or more monomers linked together by covalent bonds (e.g., carbon-carbon, amide, ester, or ether bonds) [1]. These conventional polymers come in many configurations for example, linear homopolymers, linear copolymers, block copolymers, crosslinked polymers, dendritic polymers, and others. The most common architecture for polymers is based on linear chains that may have other attached chains (branched, grafted, or crosslinked) that is, they are one-dimensional molecules. A few examples have been claimed as two-dimensional sheet polymers. ... 

The shape control of nanoparticles is a very important aspect in nanotechnology, due to the spectacular effects that structural anisotropy may have on many of the material s physical properties. Because of these size- and shape-dependent properties, much effort has been expended in controlling the morphology and assembly of nanoparticles [68-69]. The most common architecture of these nanocrystals is isotropic particles, ranging from spherical to highly faceted particles, such as cubic and octahedral. One-dimensional (1-D) anisotropic nanoparticles include uniform rods and wires, whereas two-dimensional (2-D) nanoparticles consists of nanodiscs, plates and other advanced shapes such as rod-based multipods and nanostars. 

Neuronal networks are nowadays predominantly applied in classification tasks. Here, three kind of networks are tested First the backpropagation network is used, due to the fact that it is the most robust and common network. The other two networks which are considered within this study have special adapted architectures for classification tasks. The Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) Network consists of a neuronal structure that represents the LVQ learning strategy. The Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory (Fuzzy-ART) network is a sophisticated network with a very complex structure but a high performance on classification tasks. Overviews on this extensive subject are given in [2] and [6]. 

Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or other caustic compounds are blended to make these types of removers. Polymer-type thickeners are added to increase the viscosity that allows the remover to be appHed with a bmsh, trowel, or spray. Some of these products use a paper or fabric covering to allow the remover finish mixture to be peeled away. The most common appHcation for this group of removers is the removal of architectural finishes from the interior and exterior of buildings. The long dwell time allows for many layers of finish to be removed with one thick appHcation of remover. 

Many grades of interlayer are produced to meet specific length, width, adhesion, stiffness, surface roughness, color (93,94), and other requirements of the laminator and end use. Sheet can be suppHed with vinyl alcohol content from 15 to about 23 wt %, depending on the suppHer and appHcation. A common interlayer thickness for automobile windshields is 0.76 mm, but interlayer used for architectural or aircraft glaring appHcations, for example, may be much thinner or thicker. There are also special grades to bond rear-view mirrors to windshields (95,96) and to adhere the components of solar cells (97,98). Multilayer coextmded sheet, each component of which provides a separate property not possible in monolithic sheet, can also be made (99—101). 

Until Jenike developed the rationale for storage-vessel design, a common criterion was to measure the angle of repose, use this value as the hopper angle, and then fit the bin to whatever space was available. Too often, bins were designed from an architectural or structural-engineering viewpoint rather than from the role they were to play in a process. Economy of space is certainly one vahd criterion in bin design, but others must be considered equally as well. Table 21-14 compares the principal characteristics of mass-flow and funnel-flow bins. 

The system used in the simulations usually consists of solid walls and lubricant molecules, but the specific arrangement of the system depends on the problem under investigation. In early studies, hard spherical molecules, interacting with each other through the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential, were adopted to model the lubricant [27], but recently we tend to take more realistic models for describing the lubricant molecules. The alkane molecules with flexible linear chains [28,29] and bead-spring chains [7,30] are the examples for the most commonly used molecular architectures. The inter- and intra-molecular potentials, as well as the interactions between the lubricant molecule and solid wall, have to be properly defined in order to get reliable results. Readers who intend to learn more about the specific techniques of the simulations are referred to Refs. [27-29]. 

A method of aspirating cells from the tumor via insertion of a small-bore needle into the lesion and aspirating. Commonly used to evaluate lymph nodes or other poorly accessible sites, it has the advantage of being faster and less invasive than other biopsy methods however, it does not preserve the architecture of the tumor and may return cells that are undergoing cell death, which negates histologic analysis. 

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