Common statement

Common statement—Defines a common block of global variables (one common block may have no specified name)... 

Subroutine arguments and COMMON statements can also be troublesome. Always make sure that the calls to a subroutine use the correct sequence of arguments and that all COMMON statements in all subroutines are exactly the same as that in the main program. 

From this chapter, it is clear that the common statement that carbenes only occur as transient reactive intermediates is no longer valid. 

Let us begin with the common statement (5.79) of the third law. If we inquire What is the meaning of a perfect crystal , the most direct answer appears to be It is a crystal with S0 = 0. This circular definition insures that (5.79) is impervious to falsification, but reduces the statement to a meaningless tautology. 

No discussion of digital simulation would be complete without some mention of the methods employed in treating electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). In the most common statement of the problem, an aromatic hydrocarbon (A) is alternately oxidized and reduced at a single electrode to produce its radical anion and cation species (B and D). These species, in turn, react within the diffusion layer to regenerate the hydrocarbon. 

The most important type of stereoisomerism is that which arises when molecules possess two structures that are not identical and also are mirror images of one another. This is not a difficult or unfamiliar concept. Many things around us, such as our hands, and pairs of shoes, are not identical and also are mirror images of one another. In the same way, nonidentical molecules exist in which the only distinction between them is that one is the mirror image of the other. A common statement is that such isomers are mirror images of one another, but these images are not superimposable. A simple example of this type of... 

The results of this thought experiment and the way it is described in the present approach deny validity (pertinence) to the common statement quantum entities can behave like particles or waves depending on how they are observed. 

Another, equally common statement of the classical limit is in terms of the principal quantum number of a system that tends to infinity, n —> oo. 

More recent investigations have shown that when strongly heated chromic oxide (which, contrary to common statements, is not entirely insoluble in acids) is dissolved in hot concentrated nitric acid of density 1-4, the hydrate Cr2(N03)6.15H20 crystallises on cooling. The dark brown crystals are prismatic ... 

Conservation laws occupy a special place in science and engineering. Common statements of these laws take the form of mass (energy) is neither created nor destroyed, the mass (energy) of the universe is constant, the mass (energy) of any isolated system is constant, or equivalent statements. To refute a conservation law, it would be sufficient to find just one example of a violation. 

Furthermore, for non-isothermal situations we need to be able to calculate the thermodynamics of fluid dynamics. However, thermodynamics deals with relatively permanent states, called equilibrium states, within uniform fields of matter [7] [145] [42] [54]. Any changes are assumed to be extremely slow. On the other hand, the fluid motions of interest in fluid mechanics are not necessary slow. Nevertheless, it has been assumed that the classical thermodynamics can be directly applied to any flow system provided that an instantaneous local thermodynamic state is considered and that the rates of change are not too large [168]. A more common statement is that the thermodynamics require that the fluids are close to local equilibrium, but may not be in global equilibrium. However, all systems are supposed to be relaxing towards a state of global thermodynamic equilibrium. 

Good job " "Way to go " "Well done " "Congratulations " These are common statements parents make to show approval of their child s performance. Because such expressions feel so affirming, the young child often equates parental approval with parental love "They love me when I do well."... 

Let me end by listing some criteria by which to evaluate statements of thermodynamic laws. I ll include comments about how some of the commoner statements fare when judged by each criterion. This is an exercise we might encourage our students... 

Bond Dissociation Energy and Cleavage Process Bond dissociation energies are theoretically accessible. A common statement suggests that the dissociation efficiency should increase with the BDE decrease. However, the dissocia-... 

The concentrations for only one set of passing streams— for example, (y -i, x ) or (y , x + ), and LiV, the ratio of phase flows in the contactor. A common statement of this problem is Given LiV and the inlet and outlet composition at one end, calculate the inlet and outlet compositions at the other end and the number of stages. 

The concentrations of any two pairs of passing streams. The two most convenient streams to analyze are those entering and leaving the cascade (L +2, V +i and L i, V 2)- These points lie at the ends of the operating line. A common statement of this problem is Given inlet and exit compositions, calculate LIV and the number of stages. 

A common statement in chemistry laboratory manuals is that 20 drops from a burette equals approximately 1 cmV Assuming this applies only to dilute aqueous solutions whose surface tension is approximately equal to that of water, calculate the diameter of the tip of a standard burette. 

When we started our carbene project, it was a common statement that carbenes only occured as reactive intermediates this is no longer valid. Up to the last months, the number and variety of stable carbenes have been limited by the perceived necessity for two strongly interacting substituents our most recent work establishes that only a single electron-active substituent is necessary to isolate a carbene. Therefore a broad range of these species will soon be readily available, which will open the way for new synthetic developments and applications in various fields. Note that despite the limited number of stable carbenes known, these species have already found applications even on a large scale. [67]... 

The most common statement of the third law of thermodynamics is that the entropy of a perfectly crystalline system approaches zero as the temperature of the system approaches zero. (Recall from Macroscopic Properties The World We See that a perfect crystal is a regularly ordered lattice of atoms that exist in a repeating pattern in three dimensions with no defects or irregularities in the lattice.) This is equivalent to saying that a perfectly crystalline system has only one accessible state as the temperature ap-... 

Faraday s laws of electrolysis are quantitative relationships based on the electrochemical researches published by Michael Faraday in 1834. The most common statements of Faraday s law resemble the following ... 

It is so often stated that water is a ubiquitous liquid on earth and a general solvent for many kinds of solutes that such statements sound as clichds. Nevertheless, they are correct and merit discussion. Other common statements are that the properties of water are unique among liquids and are difficult to understand No one really understands water. It s embarrassing to admit it, but the stuff that covers two-thirds of our planet is still a mystery. Worse, the more we look, the more the problems accumulate new techniques probing deeper into the molecular architecture of liquid water are throwing up more puzzles. (Ball 2008). Unfortunately, to date this situation keeps being rather true and should be accorded a more comprehensive treatment. 

However, as fundamental as this concept is and as intuitive as optimization of the supply chain is, many companies still attempt to maximize only that which they specifically control. They overlook the value of the global view. They concentrate only on what they can see in their local operation. The idea of real supply chain optimization is looked upon as something to be done, some objective for the future. Once we get our own act in order, we can move on to the supply chain issues is a common statement from business leaders in every industry. In some cases, when leaders do apply some effort toward supply chain optimization, it is only half-hearted and does not receive the attention or financial budget that it deserves. Those companies, even more so as the Internet makes global business operations a reality, are not only missing some opportunities, they are sealing their fate as noncompetitive businesses in the modern age. 

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