Osteoclasts isolation

Gao and Yamaguchi, 1999c Gao and Yamaguchi, 2000 Kajiya et al., 2000 Yamagishi et at., 2001 Bone marrow cells or isolated osteoclasts Suppression of osteoclast formation by genistein is partly due to Ca signalling mechanism and partly due to inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity. 

GOTO T, MAEDA H and TANAKA T (2002) A Selective inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases inhibits the migration of isolated osteoclasts by increasing the life span of podosomes. J Bone Miner Metab. 20 (2) 98-105. 

Kurihara N, Suda T, Miura Y, Nakauchi H, Kodama H, Hiura K, Hakeda Y, Kumegawa M (1989) Generation of osteoclasts from isolated hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 74 1295-1302... 

Lee MY, Eyre DR, Osborne WR (1991) Isolation of a murine osteoclast colony-stimulating factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 8500-8504... 

Sato M, Grasser W. Effects of bisphosphonates on isolated rat osteoclasts as examined by reflected light-microscopy. J Bone Miner Res 1990 5 31-40. 

Carano A, Teitelbaum SL, Konsek JD, Schlesinger PH, Blair HC. Bisphosphonates directly inhibit the bone-resorption activity of isolated avian osteoclasts in vitro. J Clin Invest 1990 85 456-461. 

A. Okuda, J. Kanehisa, J.N. Heersche, Theeffect of sodium fluoride on the resorptive activity of isolated osteoclasts, J. Bone Miner. Res. 5(suppl.1) (1990) S115-120. 

The osteoclast is unique in mobilizing massive quantities of calcium from mineralized tissue. Dissolving hydroxyapatite requires the addition of protons, just as deposition of hydroxyapatite liberates acid (see Equation 1). To allow acidification, the osteoclast produces an isolated micro-compartment on the bone surface. This is achieved by close apposition to the matrix via adhesion of av integrins to matrix RGD peptides, with (33 the major complementary subunit (Miyauchi et al., 1991). Inside the osteoclast the cytoskeleton (Akisaka et al., 2006), and transport activities (Vaananen et al., 2000 Schlesinger et al., 1994) are reorganized to support the resorption compartment. 

Adebanjo OA, Shankar VS, Pazianas M, Simon BJ, Lai FA, Huang CL-H, Zaidi M. 1996. Extracellularly applied ruthenium red and cADP ribose elevate cytosolic Ca2+ in isolated rat osteoclasts. Am J Physiol 270 F469-F475. 

Datta HK, MacIntyre I, Zaidi M. 1989. The effect of extracellular calcium elevation on morphology and function of isolated rat osteoclasts. Bioscience Reports 9, 747-51. 

Shankar VS, Huang CL-H, Adebanjo OA, Pazianas M, Zaidi M. 1994. Calcium influx and release in isolated rat osteoclasts. Exper Physiol 79 537-545. 

Shankar VS, Pazianas M, Huang CL-H, Simon B, Adebanjo OA, Zaidi M. 1995. Caffeine modulates Ca2+ receptor activation in isolated rat osteoclasts and induces intracellular Ca2+ release. Am J Physiol 268 F447-54. 

Teti A, Grano M, Colucci S, Argentino L, Barattolo R, Miyauchi A, Teitelbaum SL, Hruska KA, Zambonin Zallone A. 1989. Voltage dependent calcium channel expression in isolated osteoclasts. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 65 1115-8. 

Zaidi M, Kerby J, Huang C.-H, Alam ASMT, Rathod H, Chambers TJ, Moonga BS. 1991. Divalent cations mimic the inhibitory effects of extracellular ionized calcium on bone resorption by isolated rat osteoclasts Further evidence for a calcium receptor . J Cell Physiol 149 422-7. 

Fuller, K., Owens, J.M., Jagger, C.J., Wilson, A., Moss, R., and Chambers, TJ. 1993. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates survival and chemotactic behavior in isolated osteoclasts. J. Exp. Med. 178 1733-1744. 

Physiologically, the response of bone to calcitriol is resorption of bone mineral and matrix protein. Both calcitriol and parathyroid hormone increase bone resorption in vivo and in bone organ culture, but have no effect on the activity of isolated osteoblasts. In addition to direct stimulation of the resorptive activity of osteoblasts, calcitriol increases osteoclastic activity. This is not because of a direct effect of calcitriol on osteoclasts, which lack calcitriol... 

Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) represents a series of compounds in which the phytyl side chain of phytonadione has been replaced by a side chain built up of 1-14 isoprenyl units. It has been reported that vitamin K2 with four isoprenyl units (4) induced the monocytic differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cell lines [58], or apoptosis in isolated osteoclast [59] and human ovary cancer cells [60]. We have recently found that vitamin K2 derivatives (1-3) induced some tumor-specific cytotoxicity and non-apoptotic cell death in oral carcinoma [61]. As an extension of the search for tumor-specific substances targeted against human oral squamous, hepatocellular carcinoma, and promyelocytic leukemia cell lines, we investigated the QSAR of seven vitamin K2 derivatives (1-7) (Fig. 18), by conventional and recent techniques of computation chemistry, such as the concept of absolute hardness [ 16-18]. 

The nature of the metal-ions in the active site also varies between species. Whereas the purple acid phosphatase isolated from red kidney beans (rkbPAP) contains Fe and Zn", the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isolated from rat osteoclasts (TRAcP) contains two iron atoms in different oxidation states, an stabilized Fe ion and a redox-active Fe ion. In this way, the ability of the ferrous ion to act as an electron donor confers to the enzyme an alternative function as generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [20, 21]. The enzyme may appear in an inactive purple form when the redox-active iron is oxidized to the ferric state, or it can be in an active pink form where the redox-active iron is reduced to the ferrous state [22]. In particular, the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isolated from osteoclasts is synthetized as a precursor which is activated by cysteine proteinases resulting in an active two subunit enzyme [23]. 

Andersson G, Lindunger A, Ek-Rylander B (1989) Isolation and characterization of skeletal acid ATPase-a new osteoclast marker Connect Tissue Res 20 151-158... 

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