Orientation development

Orientation. Most articles made of HDPE, including film, fiber, pipes, and injection-molded articles, exhibit some degree of molecular and crystal orientation (21). In some cases, orientation develops spontaneously for example, during melt flow into a mold and its subsequent crystallisation. When blown HDPE film and fiber are manufactured, orientation can be introduced dehberately by stretching. 

Production-oriented development of plants for polycondensation of LED-materials by Suzuki coupling (COVION works IMM involved) [15]... 

Object-oriented development (OOD) bases the software structure on a model of the users world within which the software will work. One benefit is that when the users talk in their own vocabulary about changes in their requirements, it is easier to see which parts of the software are relevant. The mirroring is not always exact—because of the constraints of platform, performance, and generalization—but if the differences are localized and clearly documented, the benefits of OOD are not lost. 

Use case has become a popular term in object-oriented development, where it is defined as the specification of a sequence of actions, including variants, that a system (or other entity) can perform, interacting with actors of the system. This concept is given a solid foundation in Catalysis based on actions and refinements. 

Coleman93] Coleman, D., etal. 1993. Object-Oriented Development The Fusion Method. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice Hall. 

Lano95] Lano, K. 1995. Formal Object-Oriented Development. New York Springer. 

Assessment of finished chemicals takes place too late. (Snbsequent) substance assessment has to be snpplemented by guiding principle-oriented development of (intrinsically safe) chemicals and/or guiding principle-oriented forms of their intrinsically safe nse. 

The microscopic image shows a juxtaposition of differently orientated areas whose sizes, varying between a few microns and several tens of microns, are associated particularly with the elementary composition of the initial carbonaceous material (4, 18, 19). The formation of a texture of this type, often called a mosaic structure, can be compared (20) to the crystallization of a supersaturated solution areas, each characterized by a definite orientation, develop from nuclei up to the total consumption of the isotropic material surrounding them. 

A. M. Geoffrion. Duality in nonlinear programming A simplified applications-oriented development. SIAM Rev., 13(1) 1, 1971. 

Fig. 14.4 Schematic view of orientation development along the spinline.

Electron microscopy of Ankistrodesmus braunii. (a-c) Cells from cultures treated with reverse osmosis fraction (d, e) cells from cultures treated with catechol, (a) cell containing several nuclei (N) and a single chloroplast (Ch) with abundant starch, (b) Detail from (a) showing an abortive cell plate (arrows) between two of the nuclei (N). (c) The cell plates are associated with irregularly oriented microtubules (arrows), (d) Multinucleate cells with randomly oriented developing septa (arrows) and several chloroplasts with abundant starch, (e) A cluster of fully developed endospores still enclosed in the mother cell wall (arrow). 

In addition to this technical oriented development, a broad field of applied biological research was at the center of interest in Fiechter s laboratory. The development of bioreactors, bioprocess monitoring and control served as a means of obtaining more information on the biology of microorganisms and improving the process performance. 

To avoid getting stuck in unsolvable details, planning should concentrate on the objectives and tasks rather than on individual experiments. This is best achieved by designing a plan backwards, starting with the ultimate aim. Figure 1 exemplifies this approach and is meant as a purely hypothetical project. I have chosen a fairly basic but practical research project which involves several disciplines for this example, to show that clear objectives are also very useful for research projects and are not restricted to strongly market oriented development projects. 

As a starting point for the planning of a development project. Tables 3 and 4 propose and summarize a phased scheme of a risk-oriented development plan. Several important milestones and decision points have already been included. Each phase must fulfil certain criteria in order to be accomplished before the next phase may start. Management decides whether a project is advanced enough to proceed to the next phase, since this decision is usually associated with the involvement of more people in different departments or of external participants and has significant financial implications. The data and information needed for an assessment of progress and criteria for the decision should be known beforehand. Most of these criteria, which are included in Table 4 as proposed milestones (and need to be specified in detail for a given project), address the critical aspects of the project and the question of what should be done to reduce these risks and to allow the project to enter the next phase. 

U. S. Agarwal and D. V. Khakhar, Shear flow induced orientation development during homogeneous solution polymerization of rigid rodlike molecules. Macromolecules, 26 (1993) 3960-3965. 

The series NanoScience and Technology is focused on the fascinating nano-world, mesoscopic physics, analysis with atomic resolution, nano and quantum-effect devices, nanomechanics and atomic-scale processes. AU the basic aspects and technology-oriented developments in this emerging discipline are covered by comprehensive and timely books. The series constitutes a siuvey of the relevant special topics, which are presented by leading experts in the field. These books will appeal to researchers, engineers, and advanced students. 

Production-oriented Development for LED Materials (MERCK-COVION/Frankfurt + IMM and Other Partners)... 

The major observable distinction of the gas-grown films was that preferred orientation developed much more rapidly as thickness increased. The optimum pressure for this effect was one to two Torr at higher pressures, the preferred orientation was increasingly suppressed. 

IR dichroism was used to study the orientational development in the high-speed spinning of Nylon 66 yarns. A relationship between IR dichroism and orientation factor was developed and a correlation between orientation measured by IR and X-ray diffraction demonstrated (372). 

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