Organophosphorus compounds environment

Decker, S.R Klabunde, J.S. Khaleel, A. Klabunde, K.J. Catalyzed destructive adsorption of environmental toxins with nanocrystalline metal oxides. Fluoro-, chloro-, bromocarbons, sulfur, and organophosphorus compounds. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 762-768. 

Organohalogenated compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the aquatic environment Organophosphorus compounds Organotin compounds... 

Chen HH, Sirianni SR, Huang CC. 1982. Sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells treated with seventeen organophosphorus compounds in the presence of a metabolic activation system. Environ Mutagen 4 621-624. 

Larsen K-0, Hand HK. 1982. Effect of exposure to organophosphorus compounds on S-cholinesterase in workers removing poisonous depots. Scand J Work Environ Health 8 222-226. 

Barcelo D, Porte C, Cid J, Albaiges J (1990) Determination of organophosphorus compounds in Mediterranean coastal waters and biota samples using gas-chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus and chemical ionization mass-spectrometric detection. Int J Environ Anal Chem 38(2) 199-209... 

Diazinon (phosphorothioic acid 0,0-diethyl 0-(6-mcthyl-2-(l-mcthylcthyl)-4-pyrimidinyl) ester) is an organophosphorus compound with an anticholinesterase mode of action. It is used extensively to control hies, lice, insect pests of ornamental plants and food crops, as well as nematodes and soil insects in lawns and croplands. Diazinon degrades rapidly in the environment, with half-time persistence usually less than 14 days. But under conditions of low temperature, low moisture, high alkalinity, and lack of suitable microbial degraders, diazinon may remain biologically active in soils for 6 months or longer. 

The organophosphorus compounds constitute one major group of insecticides, and a certain portion thereof may be transported to the aquatic environment resulting either from the actual use on paddy fields or from unavoidable transmittance to waterways. However, possibly because of its relatively shorter persistence, the translocation and transformation of organophosphorus compounds in the aquatic environment has not been extensively investigated as compared with more persistent organochlorine compounds. 

Marklund A, Andersson B, Haglund P (2003) Screening of organophosphorus compounds and their distribution in various indoor environments. Chemosphere 53 1137-1146... 

The sensitivity of the gas chromatographic equipment is usually not the limiting factor in the detection and determination of the organophosphorus compounds found in natural environments. The extraction and clean-up procedures discussed earlier are the most important steps and the percentage recoveries probably play the primary role in this... 

Why do chlorinated hydrocarbons persist longer in the environment than do organophosphorus compounds ... 

De Bruijn, J., Seinen, W., Hermens, J. (1993) Biotransformation of organophosphorus compounds by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver in relation to bioconcentration. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12, 1041-1050. 

Johnson, M.K. (1980). Delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds - areas of understanding and ignorance. Dev. Toxicol. Environ. Set 8 27-38. 

Richardson, R.J. (1995). Assessment of the neurotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos relative to other organophosphorus compounds a critical review of the literature. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 44 135-65. 

Den Auwer et al have studied the complexation of the uranyl ion by a series of trialkyl and triaryl phosphates tri- -butylphosphate(T BP), tri- -butylphosphate(TBP), trimethylphospha-te(TMP), and triphenylphosphate(TPhP) by EXAFS. EXAFS was used to help better understand the coordination environment of the extracted complexes, as well as the extractive ability of the organophosphorus compounds. 

In the heterocycle 16, P and Se high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used to study structural properties. Both P CP/MAS and Se CP/ MAS experiments revealed that the asymmetric unit consists of two independent molecules with a different geometry around phosphorus and selenium centres. The established values of anisotropy and asymmetry parameters reflected the distortion of the phosphorus environment, and correlated with X-ray diffraction data. P NMR spectroscopy has been used to follow a new type of P-decomposi-tion in diphosphorylated amines and to characterise new organophosphorus compounds with -N-P(0)-N- linkages. A series of dioxaphosphocin-6-oxides (17), of varying substituent X, have been characterised by using P NMR and... 

Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are used in agriculture as pesticides to protect crops and indoors to keep a pest-free environment. OP insecticide poisoning is a worldwide health problem, with around 3 million poisonings and 200,000 deaths annually, most of them in the developing countries [1], OPs were developed also as warfare nerve agents, and are much more toxic for mammals... 

Larsen, C., Jortner, B.S., and Ehrich, M., Effect of neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds in turkeys, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health., 17,365-374,1986. 

Makhaeva, G.F., Sigolaeva, L. V., Zhuravleva, L.V., Eremenko, A. V., Kurochkin, I.N., Malygin, V. V., and Richardson, R.J. Biosensor detection of Neuropathy Target Esterase in whole blood as a biomarker of exposure to neuropathic organophosphorus compounds. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A, 66, 599-610,2003. 

Randall, J.C., Yano, B.L., and Richardson, R. J., Potentiation of organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in the central and peripheral nervous system of the adult hen distribution of axonal lesions, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health., 51(6), 571-590,1997. 

About 40 different substances called organophosphorus compounds are registered in the United States as insecticides. They are considered less damaging to the environment than some other insecticides because they breakdown relatively rapidly in the environment. The first of these organophosphorus insecticides... 

Davies JE, Barquet A, Freed VH, et al Human pesticide poisonings by a fat-soluble or-ganophosphate insecticide. Arch Environ Health 30 608-613, 1975 Davis CS, Richardson RJ Organophosphorus compounds, in Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology. Edited by Spencer PS, Schaumburg HH. Baltimore, MD, Williams Wilkins, 1980, pp 527-544... 

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