Organic compounds anilines

Other Organic Compounds aniline hydrochloride benzyl hydroperoxide butyl chloride dicyclohexyl peroxide diethyl sulfide methyl iodide 2-naphthoyl bromide sodium S-phenyl thiosulfite fert-butyl fluoride... 

Other Organic Compounds aniline hydrochloride Aniline hydrochloride Aniline Hydrochloride... 

Vulcanization was first reported in 1839 with the discovery that heating natural mbber with sulfur and basic lead carbonate produced an improvement in physical properties (2). In 1906, aniline was the first organic compound found to have the abiUty to accelerate the reaction of sulfur with natural mbber (3). Various derivatives of aniline were soon developed which were less toxic and possessed increased acceleration activity. 

Ethers, esters, amides and imidazolidines containing an epithio group are said to be effective in enhancing the antiwear and extreme pressure peiformance of lubricants. Other uses of thiiranes are as follows fuel gas odorant (2-methylthiirane), improvement of antistatic and wetting properties of fibers and films [poly(ethyleneglycol) ethers of 2-hydroxymethyl thiirane], inhibition of alkene metathesis (2-methylthiirane), stabilizers for poly(thiirane) (halogen adducts of thiiranes), enhancement of respiration of tobacco leaves (thiirane), tobacco additives to reduce nicotine and to reduce phenol levels in smoke [2-(methoxymethyl)thiirane], stabilizers for trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (2-methylthiirane, 2-hydroxymethylthiirane) and stabilizers for organic compounds (0,0-dialkyldithiophosphate esters of 2-mercaptomethylthiirane). The product of the reaction of aniline with thiirane is reported to be useful in the flotation of zinc sulfide. 

Aromatic substances, more than any other class of organic compounds, have acquired a large number of nonsystematic names. The use of such names is discouraged, but 1UPAC rules allow for some of the more widely used ones to be retained (Table 15.1). Thus, methylbenzene is known commonly as toluene hydroxybenzene, as phenol ami nobenzene, as aniline and so on. 

A munber of organic compounds are suitable for use as tracers in a process for monitoring the flow of subterranean fluids. The following traces have been proposed benzene tetracarboxylic acid, methylbenzoic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, naphthalene-trisulfonic acid, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, alkyl toluene sulfonic acid, alkyl xylene sulfonic acid, a-olefin sulfonic acid, salts of the foregoing acids, naphthalenediol, aniline, substituted aniline, pyridine, substituted pyridines [883]. 

Ohlenschlager, A. et al., Chem. Eng. News, 1987, 65(15), 2 Formaldehyde, benzaldehyde and aniline react violently with 90% performic acid [ 1 ]. An unspecified organic compound was added to the acid (preformed from formic acid and 90% hydrogen peroxide), and soon after the original vigorous reaction had subsided, the mixture exploded violently [2] (see references 6,7 above). Reaction... 

Hydrogen peroxide Organic compounds (reference 2) Nitric acid Aromatic amines Nitrosyl perchlorate Organic materials Ozone Aromatic compounds Perchloric acid Aniline, etc. 

Iron complexes or microsomal nonheme iron are undoubtedly obligatory components in the microsomal oxidation of many organic compounds mediated by hydroxyl radicals. In 1980, Cohen and Cederbaum [27] suggested that rat liver microsomes oxidized ethanol, methional, 2-keto-4-thiomethylbutyric acid, and dimethylsulfoxide via hydrogen atom abstraction by hydroxyl radicals. Then, Ingelman-Sundberg and Ekstrom [28] assumed that the hydroxylation of aniline by reconstituted microsomal cytochrome P-450 system is mediated by hydroxyl radicals formed in the superoxide-driven Fenton reaction. Similar conclusion has been made for the explanation of inhibitory effects of pyrazole and 4-methylpyrazole on the microsomal oxidation of ethanol and DMSO [29],... 

Larson et al. (1992) studied the photosensitizing ability of 2, 3, 4, 5 -tetraacetylriboflavin to various organic compounds. An aqueous solution containing aniline was subjected to a medium-pressure mercury arc lamp (X >290 nm). The investigators reported that 2, 3, 4, 5 -tetraacetylribofiavin was superior to another photosensitizer, namely riboflavin, in degrading aniline. Direct photolysis of aniline without any photosensitizer present resulted in a half-life of 23 h. In the presence of riboflavin and 2, 3, 4, 5 -tetraacetylribofiavin, the half-lives were 1 min and 45 sec, respectively. Photoproducts identified in both reactions were azobenzene, phenazine, and azoxybenzene. 

Many amines, like other organic compounds, are known by their common names. Their lUPAC names follow that of naming of alcohols, but the ending amine is used. A common practice is to list the names of the groups attached to the nitrogen followed by the ending amine. Thus, CHj-NH would be methylamine. The simplest aromatic is called aniline ... 

Figure 5.6 Illustration of the effect of a completely water-miscible solvent (CMOS, i.e., methanol) on the activity coefficient of organic compounds in water-organic solvent mixtures decadic logarithm of the activity coefficient as a function of the volume fraction of methanol. Note that the data for naphthalene (Dickhut et al., 1989 Fan and Jafvert, 1997) and for the two PCBs (Li and Andren, 1994) have been derived from solubility measurements whereas for the anilins (Jayasinghe etal., 1992), air-water partition constants determined under dilute conditions have been used to calculate y,f.

Not all clathrates are hydrates. Other well-known examples have host lattices formed from hydrogen bonded aggregates of hydroquinone, phenol, and similar organic compounds. Non-hydrogen bonded host structures are also known. One example is a cyclotriphosphazene. (C6H402PN). that traps molecules such as benzene in tunnels in the crystal.2 In addition, coordination polymers are formed by ambidentate ligands, such as CN and SCN, which coordinate to metal ions at both ends (Chapter 12). Perhaps the best known of this type of compound is the series of Ni(CN)2NHj M compounds, where M may be benzene, thiophene, furon. pyrrole, aniline, or phenol. 

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