Chlorinated organic chemicals

The van t Hoff equation also has been used to describe the temperature effect on Henry s law constant over a narrow range for volatile chlorinated organic chemicals (Ashworth et al. 1988) and chlorobenzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (ten Hulscher et al. 1992, Alaee et al. 1996). Henry s law constant can be expressed as the ratio of vapor pressure to solubility, i.e., pic or plx for dilute solutions. Note that since H is expressed using a volumetric concentration, it is also affected by the effect of temperature on liquid density whereas kH using mole fraction is unaffected by liquid density (Tucker and Christian 1979), thus... 

Uses. Production of chlorinated organic chemicals production of dyes and dye intermediates steel pickling oil well acidizing operations to dissolve subsurface dolomite or limestone formed during thermal decomposition ofPVC... 

Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Chlorinated Organic Chemicals. Alliston, Ontario, Canada, 25 to 29 Jul 1994. Published by SETAC, 1998. Application of Life-Cycle Assessment to Public Policy. Wintergreen, Virginia, 14 to 19 Aug 1994. Published by SETAC, 1997. 

PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, consist of a group of chlorinated organic chemicals that found widespread use starting around 1960. The biphenyl molecule consists... 

NOTE Chlorine is widely used in the protection of drinking water, the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, crop pesticides, paper, rubbers, resins and plastics, and thousands of other products. Nevertheless, since the early 1990s, there has been a groundswell of opinion to either ban or severely limit the use of chlorine in all manners of processes. This is based on observations associated with the probable adverse effect to the environment from certain chlorinated organic chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and the insecticide DDT. There is also concern in a number of other areas, for example, that free chlorine may contribute to effluent toxicity due to the formation of chloramines and trihalomethanes (THMs). In the United States in 1993 to 1994, this opinion was fueled by the possibility that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) would... 

Crow 1978). Unlike adolescent acne, chloracne may involve almost every follicle in an involved area and may be more disfiguring than adolescent acne (Worobec and DiBeneditto 1984). Chloracne usually occurs on the face and neck, but may extend to the upper arms, back, chest, abdomen, outer thighs, and genitalia. In mild cases, the lesions may clear several months after exposure ceases, but in severe cases they may still be present 30 years after initial onset (Crow 1978 Moses and Prioleau 1985). In some cases lesions may resolve temporarily and reappear later. Scarring may result from the healing process. Other chlorinated organic chemicals can also cause chloracne. 

Expert Panel. 1994. Interoretive review of the potential adverse effects of chlorinated organic chemicals on human health and the environment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 20(1) S187-S307. 

Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of the Chlorinated Organic Chemicals Carey,... 

Hamburg, Germany, suffered skin eruptions similar to acne. This affliction can be caused by exposure to chlorinated organic chemicals. In this case, the exposure was traced to 2,3,7,8-TCDD, a byproduct formed In ppm concentration during the production of 2,4,5- TCP. TCP Is an Intermediate In the production of... 

Carey, John, Ed., Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of the Chlorinated Organic Chemicals, SETAC Press, Pensacola, FL, 1998. 

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