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Effective cell model

Characteristics of an Optimally Effective Cell Model of Toxicity... [Pg.331]

Table 14.3 Characteristics of an effective cell model for screening for sublethal cytotoxicity [4, 11, 33, 36]. Table 14.3 Characteristics of an effective cell model for screening for sublethal cytotoxicity [4, 11, 33, 36].
More sophisticated approaches to describe double layer interactions have been developed more recently. Using cell models, the full Poisson-Boltzmann equation can be solved for ordered stmctures. The approach by Alexander et al shows how the effective colloidal particle charge saturates when the bare particle charge is increased [4o]. Using integral equation methods, the behaviour of the primitive model has been studied, in which all the interactions between the colloidal macro-ions and the small ions are addressed (see, for instance, [44, 45]). [Pg.2678]

To evaluate the effect of holdup on bubble velocity, Marrucci (M3) used a spherical cell model of radius b such that... [Pg.318]

In the absence of convective effect, the profiles of > between any two adjacent bubbles exhibits an extremum value midway between the bubbles. Therefore, there exists around each bubble a surface on which d jdr = 3(C )/3r = 0, and hence the fluxes are zero. Using the cell model [Eqs. (158) or (172)] one obtains the following boundary conditions For t > 0... [Pg.383]

These detailed cell models can be used to study the development in time of processes like myocardial ischaemia (a reduction in coronary blood flow that causes under-supply of oxygen to the cardiac muscle), or effects of genetic mutations on cellular electrophysiology. They allow to predict the outcome of changes in the cell s environment, and may even be used to assess drug actions. [Pg.137]

Authors Cell model of bone resorption Effect of isoflavones... [Pg.98]

At the present time it is difficult to single out any one factor that could be held ultimately responsible for cell death after cerebral ischaemia. Recent studies, however, have provided us with sufficient evidence to conclude that free radical damage is at least one component in a chain of events that leads to cell death in ischaemia/reperfiision injury. As noted earlier in this review, much of the evidence for free radicals in the brain and the sources of free radicals come from studies in animals subjected to cerebral ischaemia. Perhaps the best evidence for a role for free radicals or reactive oxygen species in cerebral ischaemia is derived from studies that demonstrate protective effects of antioxidants. Antioxidants and inhibitors of lipid peroxidation have been shown to have profound protective effects in models of cerebral ischaemia. Details of some of these studies will be mentioned later. Several reviews have been written on the role of oxygen radicals in cerebral ischaemia (Braughler and HaU, 1989 Hall and Btaughler, 1989 Kontos, 1989 Floyd, 1990 Nelson ef /., 1992 Panetta and Clemens, 1993). [Pg.77]

While prior information may be used to influence the parameter estimates towards realistic values, there is no guarantee that the final estimates will not reach extreme values particularly when the postulated grid cell model is incorrect and there is a large amount of data available. A simple way to impose inequality constraints on the parameters is through the incorporation of a penalty function as already discussed in Chapter 9 (Section 9.2.1.2). By this approach extra terms are added in the objective function that tend to explode when the parameters approach near the boundary and become negligible when the parameters are far. One can easily construct such penalty functions. For example a simple and yet very effective penalty function that keeps the parameters in the interval (kmjnkmaXil) is... [Pg.383]

An in vitro cell model resembles the remodeling process of osteoclastic bone resorption followed by osteoblastic bone formation investigate the influence of lead on the communication between these cells determine if lead in the medium (i.e. extracellular fluid) or in the matrix (i.e. in the bone) has different effects on osteoclasts and osteoblasts... [Pg.366]

Screening assays were used to study the effects on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity of whole leachate and relative organic and hydrophilic extracts on cell model after 24-72 h of exposure. [Pg.178]

Phytochemicals have been the subject of many studies evaluating their effects in relation to common chronic human illnesses such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. These studies encounter difficulties in using this information to influence the dietary patterns of consumers because in the past they have used models or experiments with animals. However, in the last decade, researchers have moved away from animal studies in favour of human cell models or human intervention studies. Scientists still need to determine the likely incidence of illness from exposure to known amounts of a given natural compound in the diet and specifically in relation to the complex matrices of whole foods. Therefore, it is inevitable that some animal studies have to be continued for toxicological studies. [Pg.314]

Pasaogullari, Wang, and Chen [149] also presented a two-phase fuel cell model in which the effect of MPL was studied. They concluded that the water flux toward the anode is enhanced when the following MPL characfer-isfics are used smaller pore size, lower porosity, larger thickness, and higher hydrophobicity. It is important to note that similar conclusions have been presented in studies related to MPLs used in direct methanol fuel cells (see Section 4.3.3.5 for more information). [Pg.239]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.13 , Pg.15 , Pg.16 , Pg.74 ]




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Cell models

High Effectiveness of an HCA Cell Model in Predictive Toxicology

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