Ophthalmology

Similarly as with the case above, the size and delicacy of eye structures require the use of microsurgical techniques when operating on this organ. Significant procedures here include vitreoretinal surgery, cataract surgery, and retinal vein cannulation. 

---

Physicians Desk Leferencefor Ophthalmology, 19th ed.. Medical Economics, Co., OradeU, N.., 1991, p. 255. 

Medicine Microencapsulation of water soluble pharmacological preparates, nonthrombogenic granulated gels, contact lenses in ophthalmology, high-quality tampons, diapers, etc. 

Henry Brem Departments of Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology, and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland... 

Loerzel S, Samuelson D, Szabo N. 1999. Ocular effects methyhnercury toxicity in juvenile double-crested cormonants (Phalacrocorax auritus). Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science. Annual meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Fort Lauderdale, FL, May 9-14, 1999. 

Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Child Health, University of London,... 

Since POAG is a chronic, often asymptomatic condition, the decision of when and how to treat patients is difficult since the treatment modalities are often expensive and have potential adverse effects or complications. The clinician should evaluate the potential effectiveness, toxicity, and the likelihood of patient adherence for each therapeutic modality. The ideal therapeutic regimen should have maximal effectiveness and patient tolerance to achieve the desired therapeutic response. The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) publishes Preferred Practice Patterns for POAG and POAG Suspect.2... 

The ocular hypotensive lipids in typical ophthalmology practice are considered first-line alternatives to topical P-blockers because of their superior efficacy and safety profiles. Many clinicians may choose to use the ocular hypotensive lipids as first-line agents, especially in patients that have an initial requirement to lower IOP by more than 25%, or in patients that have relative or absolute contraindications to topical P-blockers. However, latanoprost is currently the only ocular hypotensive lipid drug that has a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indication for first-line therapy. Bimatoprost and travoprost are indicated by the FDA for patients who are intolerant of other IOP-lowering therapy or insufficiently responsive to another IOP-lowering medication.10,38... 

American Academy of Ophthalmology Glaucoma Panel. Primary Angle Closure. San Francisco American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2005. 

Salmon JF, Sharma T. Chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2005 112 1844. 

All cases of suspected bacterial keratitis require prompt ophthalmology consultation to prevent permanent vision loss.10... 

Preferred Practice Patterns from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Online at http //www.aao.org/aao/education/ library/ppp/index.cfm. Available for keratitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, dry eye, and age-related macular degeneration. Wilson SA, Last A. Management of corneal abrasions. Am Fam Physician 2004 70 123-128. 

Clinical Adjunct Associate Professor of Pharmacy University of Utah College of Pharmacy Clinical Specialist Ophthalmology University of Utah Health Sciences Center John A. Moran Eye Center Salt Lake City, Utah... 

Powders for Reconstitution. Drugs that have only limited stability in liquid form are prepared as sterile powders for reconstitution by the pharmacist prior to dispensing to the patient. In ophthalmology, these drugs include a-chymotrypsin, echothiophate iodide... 

M. A. Lemp, Scientific Exhibit, American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Dallas, Sept. 1975. 

Physician s Desk Reference for Ophthalmology, 28th Ed., 2000, Section 9. 

L. J. Girard, Proceedings International Congress on Ophthalmology, Brussels, Sept. 1958. 

The technical applications of holmium are limited. In ophthalmology, holmium-doped YAG lasers render a valuable service. 

Beatty, S. et al. (2000b). The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Survey of Ophthalmology 45 115-134. 

Berendschot, T. T. J. M. et al. (2000). Influence of lutein supplementation on macular pigment, assessed with two objective techniques. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 41 3322-3326. 

Bone, R. A. et al. (2007b). Validity of macular pigment optical density measurements by heterochromatic flicker photometry. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 48(ARVO E-Abstract) 2131. 

---