American Academy of Ophthalmology

Since POAG is a chronic, often asymptomatic condition, the decision of when and how to treat patients is difficult since the treatment modalities are often expensive and have potential adverse effects or complications. The clinician should evaluate the potential effectiveness, toxicity, and the likelihood of patient adherence for each therapeutic modality. The ideal therapeutic regimen should have maximal effectiveness and patient tolerance to achieve the desired therapeutic response. The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) publishes Preferred Practice Patterns for POAG and POAG Suspect.2... 

American Academy of Ophthalmology Glaucoma Panel. Primary Angle Closure. San Francisco American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2005. 

Preferred Practice Patterns from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Online at http //www.aao.org/aao/education/ library/ppp/index.cfm. Available for keratitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, dry eye, and age-related macular degeneration. Wilson SA, Last A. Management of corneal abrasions. Am Fam Physician 2004 70 123-128. 

M. A. Lemp, Scientific Exhibit, American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Dallas, Sept. 1975. 

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern. Bacterial keratitis. Retrieved 2006 from http // www.AAO.org... 

Modified from Nichols B, ed. Basic and clinical science course. External disease and the cornea, section 7. American Academy of Ophthalmology. San Francisco, CA. 1990. 

Adapted from Marmor MF, Carr RE, Easterbrook M, et al. Recommendations on screening for chloroqnine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2002 109 1377-1382. 

Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder YV.Drug elated Adverse Effects of Cfinical Importance to the Ophthalmologist. From American Academy of Ophthalmology Course 444.13 November 2006. Retrieved 10 April 2007 fromwww.aao.org/am handouts pdfs/444FarauX129.pdf. 

For individuals of age 65 years or above, recommended frequency for a comprehensive adult medical eye evaluadon is 6 to 12 months when risk factors for glaucoma are present and 1 to 2 years in the absence of risk factors. For glaucoma suspect individuals under 40 year s, the frequency of the eye evaluadon should be 2 to 4 years and 5 to 10 year s in the presence and absence of risk factor s for glaucoma, respecdvely (American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Pracdce Patterns, 2005a). 

American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns (2005a) Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Suspect. 

Colorants, other than titanium dioxide, are rarely used in plastic containers however, the use of colorants is required for the cap. The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) recommended to the FDA that a uniform color coding system be established for the caps and labels of all topical ocular medications. Industry new drug applicants are required to either follow this system or provide an adequate justification for any deviations from the system. The AAO color codes, as revised and approved by the AAO Board of Trustees in June 1996, are shown in Table 4. The FDA and AAO have extended the cap color scheme to differentiate different classes of newer Rx drugs for the benefit of the patient who may be using more than one product. The intent is to help prevent errors in medication and improve patient compliance. It is important for the pharmacist to explain this color coding to the patient and/or caregiver since it can be defeated if the cap is not returned to the proper container after each use. 

Anderson R. Biochemistry of the Eye. American Academy of Ophthalmology, San Fransisco, 1983. Anderson R, Maude M. Lipids of ocular tissues. VIII. The effects of essential fatty acid deficiency on the... 

Cibis G, Anderson R, Chew E, et al. Fundamentals and principles of ophthalmology. In Cibis G, Anderson R, Chew E, et al., eds. Basic and Clinical Science Course. American Academy of Ophthalmology, San Fransisco, 1995. 

The repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 1990 97 1562-1572. 

Miller JW. Photodynamic therapy for AMD expanded indications. American Academy of Ophthalmology, Retina Subspecialty Day, Orlando, FL, October 18-19, 2002. 

Flynn H, Smiddy W. Diabetes and ocular disease past, present and future therapies. Ophthalmology monographs. The American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2000. 

Haller JA. The steroid device the Oculex study. Presented at the Retinal Subspecialty Day, American Academy of Ophthalmology Meeting, Anaheim, CA, November 15-18, 2003. 

Lepard, C. W. (1941). B. pyocyaneus ulcer. Report of three cases Results of sul-fapyridine therapy in one case. Transactions of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology 46 55-60. 

Prenner J L, Thompson J T, Miller D G, et al. (2005). An Open Label Study for the Evaluation of Tolerability of Five Dose Levels of Intravitreous VEGF siRNA (Cand5) in Patients With Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, poster 463. 

Quinlan E, Nguyen Q, Kaiser P, et al. (2005). A Phase I, open-label, dose escalation trial of intravitreal injection of small interfering RNA molecule in subjects with neo-vascular AMD. American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting. Available http //www.sirna.com/media/pdfs/AAOSIRNA.pdf. 

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Clinical Optics. San Francisco American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2006. This volume of the American Academy of Ophthalmology basic science course covers the fundamental concepts of optics as it relates to lenses, refraction, and reflection. It also covers the basic optics of the human eye and the fundamental principles of lasers. 

Fishman, G.A. 1990. The Electro-oculogram in retinal disorders. In Fishman, G.A., and Sokol, S. (eds.) Electrophyslologic Testing in Disorders of the Retina, Optic Ne ve, and Visual Pathway, p.95. American Academy of Ophthalmology. San Francisco, C.A. 

An editorial review discusses the revised recommendations of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (20) on the screening for patients taking antimalarial drugs [2 ]. These include armual screening for patients who have taken the drug with more than 5 years of cumulative exposure. The author comments that, in addition to cumulative dose, daily dose is at least as important for the development of retinopathy. 

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