Union operator

Consider two sets A and B (upper Figure 2.2-1). The two sets are isolated and unrelated. They have no intersection (AND), but the union (OR) operation includes the two circles. In the lower operation, union is the two circles (A+B... 

Biomass is recycled into usefiil products in three ways. First, easily decomposable materials such as fruit and vegetable peels are made into composite manure. A second method of recycling biomass is to dry it and heat it in the absence of air to make charcoal. Currently, two companies in Nairobi, namely the Kenya Planters and Co-operative Union (KPCU) and Chardust Ltd., are making charcoal from biomass. KPCU uses coffee husks. 

Kenya Planters and Co-operative Union (KPCU) Ltd., Box 72309-00200, Nairobi. Tel 254 20 210288, E-mail md kpcu.co.ke. Dandora Branch (where the coffee coal is made) Tel 254 20 781910. 

When data are selected from tables that are not related to one another, a different approach is used. The SQL operators union, intersect, and exclude allow set operations on tables or the sets of rows resulting from a select statement. For example ... 

Cancer Incidence Among Members of A Heavy Construction Equipment Operators Union With Potential Exposure To Diesel Exhaust Emissions," Submitted to Coordinating Research Council by Environmental Health Associates, 18 April, 1983... 

Similarly, OR is used to evaluate the disjunction of rule antecedents, which is implemented by the classical fuzzy operation union in fuzzy logic systems. Consider fuzzy rule 2 ... 

American Association of Railroads (1999c), Railroads, Operating Unions Agree on Steps to Combat Fatigue, Train-It, Vol. VI, No. 4,... 

Secondary alcohols (C q—for surfactant iatermediates are produced by hydrolysis of secondary alkyl borate or boroxiae esters formed when paraffin hydrocarbons are air-oxidized ia the presence of boric acid [10043-35-3] (19,20). Union Carbide Corporation operated a plant ia the United States from 1964 until 1977. A plant built by Nippon Shokubai (Japan Catalytic Chemical) ia 1972 ia Kawasaki, Japan was expanded to 30,000 t/yr capacity ia 1980 (20). The process has been operated iadustriaHy ia the USSR siace 1959 (21). Also, predominantiy primary alcohols are produced ia large volumes ia the USSR by reduction of fatty acids, or their methyl esters, from permanganate-catalyzed air oxidation of paraffin hydrocarbons (22). The paraffin oxidation is carried out ia the temperature range 150—180°C at a paraffin conversion generally below 20% to a mixture of trialkyl borate, (RO)2B, and trialkyl boroxiae, (ROBO). Unconverted paraffin is separated from the product mixture by flash distillation. After hydrolysis of residual borate esters, the boric acid is recovered for recycle and the alcohols are purified by washing and distillation (19,20). 

Manufacturers. Besides manufacturers in the United States, commercial fluorine plants are operating in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom (see Table 5). Fluorine is also produced in the Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Union) however, details regarding its manufacture, production volumes, etc, are regarded as secret information. The total commercial production capacity of fluorine in the United States and Canada is estimated at over 5000 t/yr, of which 70—80% is devoted to uranium hexafluoride production. Most of the gas is used in captive uranium-processing operations. 

Chemical Reduction. Reduction of galHum by aluminum has been developed in the former Soviet Union. This method is in operation (ca 1994). The Bayer Hquor is contacted using a gallium—aluminum alloy named GaHam, and the galHum is deposited. 

WulffProcess. The regenerative technique is best exemplified by the Wulff process, Hcensed by Union Carbide Corp. The furnace consists basically of two masses of high purity alumina refractory tile having cylindrical channels for gas flow and separated by a central combustion space as shown in Figure 10. Its cychc operation has four distinct steps, each of approximately 1 min in duration, the sequence being pyrolysis and heat in one direction followed by pyrolysis and heat in the other direction. Continuity of output is achieved by paired installations. 

The capacity of palladium to absorb large quantities of H2 at high temperatures was known for many years. Union Carbide developed a palladium-based H2 process and in 1965 had in operation overall capacities of about 1.13 x 10 m/d(40.167 > ft/d)33, producing >99.9% H2. 

Liquid-Phase Oxidation. In the early 1960s, both Cams Chemical Co. (La SaEe, Illinois) and a plant in the Soviet Union started to operate modernized Hquid-phase oxidation processes. 

The Hysomer process produces an increase of about 12 octane numbers in suitable naphtha feedstocks. The process can be operated in conjunction with the Isosiv process (Union Carbide Corp.) for the separation of normal and isoparaffins, achieving complete isomerization of a C-5—C-6 stream. The combined process is trade named TIP (total isomerization process), and results in increases in octane numbers of about 20, rather than the 12 obtained with a once-through Hysomet treatment. 

Shale ok production in the former Soviet Union is also declining. The orky significant shale ok operations are in Estonia. Most of the rich (208 L/1 (50 gal/short ton)) Estonian ok shale is combusted directly as fuel. 

Ligand-Modified Rhodium Process. The triphenylphosphine-modified rhodium oxo process, termed the LP Oxo process, is the industry standard for the hydroformylation of ethylene and propylene as of this writing (ca 1995). It employs a triphenylphosphine [603-35-0] (TPP) (1) modified rhodium catalyst. The process operates at low (0.7—3 MPa (100—450 psi)) pressures and low (80—120°C) temperatures. Suitable sources of rhodium are the alkanoate, 2,4-pentanedionate, or nitrate. A low (60—80 kPa (8.7—11.6 psi)) CO partial pressure and high (10—12%) TPP concentration are critical to obtaining a high (eg, 10 1) normal-to-branched aldehyde ratio. The process, first commercialized in 1976 by Union Carbide Corporation in Ponce, Puerto Rico, has been ficensed worldwide by Union Carbide Corporation and Davy Process Technology. 

Beginning in approximately 1975, both IMG and Ereeport Minerals operated large uranium recovery plants in the United States using this technology. Several plants continue to mn but a number have been closed because of the depressed uranium prices that resulted when uranium from the former Soviet Union flooded Western markets. A relatively small plant is operated by Prayon in Belgium (40). TOPO is available from Cytec Industries Inc. as CYANEX 921 extractant. D2EHPA is available from Albright Wilson Ltd. and is also sold by Daihachi as DP-8R. 

Austraha Belgium 250 Hydromet Operations Ltd., Marrickville Union Miniure BU Hoboken, Hoboken... 

This process was operated briefly in vacuum retorts by Union Carbide in 1945 (51). 

Union Carbide abandoned the ketene—crotonaldehyde route in 1953 in favor of the oxidation of 2,4-hexadienal made by acetaldehyde condensation. A silver compound used as the catalyst prevented peroxidation of the ethylenic bonds (39,40). Thein plant operated until 1970. 

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