Operator pilot controls

Fitts, P. M., Jones, R. E. (1947). Analysis of Factors Contributing to 460 "Pilot Error" Experiences in Operating Aircraft Controls. Reprinted in H. W. Sinaiko (Ed.) (1961), Selected Papers on Human Factors in the Design and Use of Control Systems. New York Dover. 

The Code [26] allows pilot operated vent control valves provided the vent valve can operate automatically in case the pilot valves/system failed. 

Mutalib MIA, Zeglam AO and Smith R (1998) Operation and Control of Dividing Wall Distillation Columns Part II Simulation and Pilot Plant Studies Using Temperature Control, Trans IChemE, 76A 319. 

As technology progresses the safety of man-machine systems depends more and more on the quality of the human component (operator). This fact is very obvious in transportation, where the operator (driver) is formally and actually in control of his or her vehicle. In aviation, however, a strong trend towards software control of the aeroplane is already becoming dominant, forcing the operator (pilot) primarily into the role of supervisor or monitor of the automatic control system and into that of trouble-shooter in case of (technical) failure. In this respect a cockpit crew is facing the same situation as for instance a shift of operators in the central control room of a completely computerised chemical process plant. 

Older systems, which used a mixture of manual operations, local controllers and computers, are now very rare. They represented a common step in the progress of automating pilot plants but, in general, have given way to either simpler units, which remain manual, or use local controllers and more complex systems, which are automated. 

Trantham, J.C., Patterson, H.L., Boneau, D.F., 1978. The North Burbank unit, Tract 97 surfactant/ polymer pilot—operation and control. JPT (July), 1068-1074. 

The column has a total height of 5.4 m and a diameter of 2.54 cm. Initially, 450 ml of reactants was charged into the reboiler. A Milton-Roy LCD mini-pump was used to provide a continuous feed to the column. The bottom product flow rate was adjusted so that the liquid level in the reboiler remained constant. The operation was controlled by a conputer system. The details of the pilot plant and the experimental procedure for the operation of the pilot plant have been reported by Poi-ebarac et al. [4]. 

Prior to the installation of the steam reforming system in the HTTR, the operation of an out-of-pile plant downscaled to 1/20 - 1/30 of the size projected for the HTTR, is planned to investigate system characteristics, to verify operation and control technologies, and to confirm safety and performance under simulated HTTR operational conditions [49]. Pilot plant designing has started in 1995 its construction has begun and is expected to be completed in 1998. 

Another useful distinction is between errors of omission and errors of commission. Sarter and Woods [181] note that in older, less complex aircraft cockpits, most pilot errors were errors of commission that occurred as a result of a pilot control action. Because the controller, in this case the pUot, took a direct action, he or she is likely to check that the intended effect of the action has actually occurred. Hie short feedback loops allow the operators to repair most errors before serious consequences result. This type of error is stiU the prevalent one for relatively simple devices. 

Fitts Jones (1961) Analysis of factors contributing to 460 pilot error experiences in operating aucrafi controls. In Sinaiko, H. W. (Ed.) Selected papers on Human Factors in the design and use of control systems. Dover Publications Inc. 

Mutalib A. and Smith R. (19986). Operation and control of diving wall distillation columns. Part II Simulation and pilot plant studies using temperature control. Trans. Institution of Chemical Engineers - Part A 76, 319-334. 4.2... 

A college curriculum Includes the use of advanced computer system software that closely simulates console operations. Some college training systems have modern control instrumentation mounted on operational pilot units. Students using these types of systems receive true hands-on experience. 

Operator s control (push-button) station A unitized assembly of one or more externally operable push-button switches, sometimes including other pilot devices. 

Operation. Magnetic starters for multispeed apphcations select the desired speed in accordance with the pilot control. 

This chapter may appear to be about aviation, but it is actually about how computerized control systems and plant operators (or pilots) communicate with each other, and the design of the communications interface - the Human Machine Interface or HMl. The examples are taken from aviation because they are well documented they also make clear the crucial role of clarity and reliability in ensuring the pilot-operator can control the plant/plane safely. 

Re-starting of the pumps or closing of the by-pass valve by reversing the pilot control takes place, when the last but one contact pin is cleared, i. e. after a cycling stroke has been performed as already explained in the operation of the shutoff valve. 

In oil-hydraulic presses which are controlled by balanced piston-valves, there is only a small force required and therefore a solenoid in conjunction with a spring may be used. As a rule, the solenoid is deenergized in the return position of the main piston. Large control slide-valves are moved by a piston, when the solenoid operated piston-valve serves as a pilot control. 

This equipment being very expensive, preference is now given to a servo-motor - similar to that employed wnth the pump in Fig. 174-the piston of which is pilot controlled by a solenoid operated slide-valve. The servo-motor is driven by a small gear pump w hich delivers the pressure oil for a 30 to 40 atm control circuit. 

Alfredini P., Gerent IP, Arasaki E. 2011. Analogical Manoeuvring Simulator with Remote Pilot Control for Port Design and Operation Improvement. International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Vol. 5 No. 3 315-322. 

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