Oncoproteins

Besides the cytokine receptors that lack intrinsic kinase activity but have associated JAK kinases, STAT proteins can be activated by a variety of G-protein coupled receptors and growth factor receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity (for example EGF, PDGF, CSF-1, and angiotensin receptor). Increasing evidence suggests a critical role for STAT family members in oncogenesis and aberrant cell proliferation. Constitutively activated STATs have been found in many transformed cell lines and a wide variety of human tumor entities. Numerous non-receptor tyrosine kinases and viral oncoproteins, such as v-Src, v-Abl, v-Sis, and v-Eyk, have been identified to induce DNA-binding activity of STAT proteins. 

The recent links made between mTORCl and tumor suppressors/oncoproteins suggests that aberrantly high mTORCl activity may be the underlying cause of hamartomas and perhaps some cancers. Based on this, many clinical trials are underway to determine the efficacy of rapalogs as anti-cancer agents. Current phase III clinical trials include ... 

Just as myosins are able to move along microfilaments, there are motor proteins that move along microtubules. Microtubules, like microfilaments, are polar polymeric assemblies, but unlike actin-myosin interactions, microtubule-based motors exist that move along microtubules in either direction. A constant traffic of vesicles and organelles is visible in cultured cells especially using time-lapse photography. The larger part of this movement takes place on micrombules and is stimulated by phorbol ester (an activator of protein kinase C), and over-expression of N-J aj oncoprotein (Alexandrova et al., 1993). 

England, B. P., Admon, A., and Tjian, R. (1992). Cloning of Drosophila transcription factor Adf-1 reveals homology to myb oncoproteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 683-687. 

Zhao, X., Singh, B., and Batten, B. E. (1991). The role of c-mos proto-oncoprotein in mammalian meiotic maturation. Oncogene 6 43 19. 

Human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 oncoprotein E7 Potato virus X in tobacco leaf (complete reading frame) Immunogenic in mice when administered parenterally. Mice protected moderately when challenged with surrogate (C3 cells). 100... 

Cassimeris, L. The oncoprotein 18/stathmin family of microtubule destabilizers. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 14 18-24, 2002. 

SH2 domains generally consist of approximately 100 amino acid residues [49,50, 60,61 ] and have been first identified as a conserved sequence region between the oncoproteins Src and Fps [19, 48]. By means of sequence homology, SH2 domains have been uncovered in numerous other intracellular signal transduction proteins (Figs. 1 and 4) [20]. 

X, Gandia K, Vaughan MB, Wright WE, Gazdar AF, Shay JW, Minna JD (2004) Immortalization of human bronchial epithelial cells in the absence of viral oncoproteins. Cancer Res 64(24) 9027-9034. 

Several cell lines were screened for their response to three standard chemotherapy drugs fludarabine, vincristine, and Gleevec decreases in the mean optophoretic distance of Bcr-Abl positive cell line K-562 with no effect in the other cell lines demonstrate that the downshift in mean displacement is specific to the presence of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein fludarabine, however, was ineffective in causing a decrease in the optophoretic displacement of the K-562 cell line, but showed an effect in the other four cell lines mobility values for each cell in the population have been taken and averaged, but data on subsets of the cells can still be extracted and further analyzed. 

Oren, M., Schwartz, A. L. and Ciechanover, A. Degradation of the E7 human papillomavirus oncoprotein by the ubiquitin-proteasome system ... 

T., Hellman, U., Schwaetz, A. L., and Ciechanovee, A. The Tumor Suppressor Protein pl6 and the Human Papillomavirus oncoprotein E7-58 are Naturally Occurring Lysine-Less Proteins that are Degraded by the Ubiquitin System Direct Evidence for Ubiquitination at the N-Terminal Residue. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 41414-41421. 

Huibregtse, J. M., M. Scheffner, and P. M. Howley, Cloning and expression of the cDNA for E6-AP, a protein that mediates the interaction of the human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein with p53. Mol Cell Biol,... 

FIonda, R., FI. Tanaka, and H. Yasuda, Oncoprotein MDM2 is a ubiquitin ligase E3 for tumor suppressor p53. FEES Lett, 1997, 420(1), 25-7. 

Borden, K. L., et al.. The solution structure of the RING finger domain from the acute promyelocytic leukaemia proto-oncoprotein PML. EmboJ, 1995, 14(7), 1532-41. 

Brown, K. D., B. S. Hostagee, and G. A. Bishop, Differential signaling and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAP) degradation mediated by CD40 and the Epstein-Barr virus oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMPl)./ Exp Med, 2001, 193(8), 943-54. 

Zhang, Y., et al., Ribosomal protein Lll negatively regulates oncoprotein MDM2 and mediates a p53-dependent ribosomal-stress checkpoint pathway. Mol Cell Biol, 2003, 23f23 , 8902-12. 

Rety, S., Jalinot, P. Association of the mammalian proto-oncoprotein Int-6 with the three protein complexes eIF3, COP9 signalosome and 26S proteasome. FEBS Lett. 2002, 527,... 

Deghend, R., Hirano, F., Lehmann, K, Heissmeyer, V., Ansieau, S., WuLGZYN, F. G., Sgheidereit, C., Leutz, a. The Bd-3 oncoprotein acts as a bridging factor between NF-kappaB/Rel and nuclear co-regulators. Oncogene 1999, 18, 3316—3323. 

Lu W, Peterson R, Dasgupta A, Scovell WM (2000) Influence of HMG-1 and adenovirus oncoprotein ElA on early stages of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly. J Biol Chem 275 35006-35012 Luger K, Mader AW, Richmond RK, Sargent DF, Richmond TJ (1997) Crystal structure of the nucle-osome core particle at 2.8 A resolution. Nature 389 251—260 Lusser A, Kadonaga JT (2004) Strategies for the reconstitution of chromatin. Nat Methods 1 19-26 Maeshima K, Laemmli UK (2003) A two-step scaffolding model for mitotic chromosome assembly. Dev Cell 4 467-480... 

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