Olive pits

The adsorption isotherms are often Langmuirian in type (under conditions such that multilayer formation is not likely), and in the case of zeolites, both n and b vary with the cation present. At higher pressures, capillary condensation typically occurs, as discussed in the next section. Some N2 isotherms for M41S materials are shown in Fig. XVII-27 they are Langmuirian below P/P of about 0.2. In the case of a microporous carbon (prepared by carbonizing olive pits), the isotherms for He at 4.2 K and for N2 at 77 K were similar and Langmuirlike up to P/P near unity, but were fit to a modified Dubninin-Radushkevich (DR) equation (see Eq. XVII-75) to estimate micropore sizes around 40 A [186]. 

In principle, most types of biomass can be used as a raw material in the pyrolysis process [14]. Most of the research has been carried out using different wood as feedstock, although more than 100 different types of biomass have been tested [14]. Besides wood, these materials include forest residues, such as bark black liquor and agricultural residues such as straw, olive pits, and nut shells [12, 14], Additionally, pure biological polymers cellulose (linear polymer of D-glucose units), hemicellulose (heteropolymers of different hexoses and pentoses), and lignin (heteropolymer of p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol [19]) - have been tested as raw materials in the pyrolysis. 

Use 1 finely diced red pepper and 8 black olives, pitted and finely chopped. 

Sugar beet pulp, Cork, Chitin, Chitosan, Olive pits. Polyurethane foams. Partial oxypropylation. Total oxypropylation. Cellulose fibres. Starch granules. Single-component composites... 

Another inedible agricultural by-product whose possible exploitation has been thus far limited to combustion for energy recovery is constituted by the olive pits separated from the pomace (which also includes the skin and pulp... 

G. The principle criteria for selection of the Carbonaceous raw material to activate is often cost, or its counterpart - availability. Sources include flax shive (the stems of flax fiber), cotton gin waste, nutshells, peat, pine wood, coir (fiber from the husk of coconut, produced in Sri Lanka and India), the coconut shell itself (from the Philippines), lignite, coal, petroleum pitch, peach or olive pits, eucalyptus, rice husk, apricot stones, grape seeds. 

Mr. Conti emptied the martini glass, and strained his cocktail into it in a circular motion, pouring on the sides of the glass, so that the liquid wouldn t splash, then dropped a pitted green olive into it. 

Olive Quality evaluation (pits) 2 l-D se imaging projections at speeds up to 250 mm/s 75 JO... 

A subsequent study by the same research group focused on pits in olives. This time the olives travelled at various speeds through a 2 T horizontal bore magnet. Segregating 300 pitted and non-pitted olives gave classification errors of 4.3, 4.7, 2.3 and 4% at belt speeds of 0, 5,15 and 25 cm/s, respectively. 

A pit of a stone fruit consists of a hard shell which contains very little free water, and an inside seed with high water and oil content The pit and the seed in peach, olive and prune are visible in an NMR image [14]. This means that the unpitted olive which has the image of a dark ring of pit shell and a bright image of the seed inside the shell can be discriminated from the pitted olive which has the image of a dark spot at the center of the fruit where the cavity is. 

A few months after this contribution I received from Oliver additional information on the subject pit firing and two pictures. In his letter he is sometimes talking to me. However I copied his letter here as I received it ... 

The fmit of the olive tree is an egg-shaped dmpe, consisting of a pericarp and an endocarp. The pericarp includes an epicarp (skin) of variable thickness according to the variety, and a mesocarp (pulp) surrounding the endocarp (woody pit) in which... 

Cycloheximide (CHI), when applied directly to separation zones, will inhibit abscission of citrus fruit explants 24) as it does bean petiole explants (29). By application to citrus fruit surfaces, the rind is injured, evidenced as small pitted areas, and ethylene is produced in quantities that accelerate the abscission processes (41). Apparently, CHI applied to the fruit wall enhances the senescence processes, including ethylene production, thereby stimulating citrus fruit abscission via ethylene production and not by action directly on the tissues in the separation zone (41). Cycloheximide has also been used for harvest of olives (80, 103) and apples (104). 

If you ve encountered date pits, you know their usual fate—they are promptly discarded. But wait a nutritional study of date pits has documented their exceptional nutrient density, especially of protein, dietary fiber, and omega oils composed mainly of oleic acid, the same omega-9 monounsaturated fat famous in olive oil. Date pits may offer an inexpensive nutrient and oil source from what is currently a waste material. Simply through extraction or pulp processing of the pits, some future entrepreneur will recover those inedible pits and transform them into useful food products ... 

Imaging has also been applied to the study of chilling injury in persimmon fruit,312 to the study of growth and ripening of kiwi fruit,313 and to the detection of pitted olives, while a conveyer belt transports the fruits through a low-field NMR magnet.314... 

The oil is first released from the olives by crushing in pressure systems, stone mills are generally used and in continuous centrifugation plants, metal crushers (hammer, roller, disc). After it has been crashed the olive paste is mixed. Malaxation (stirring the olive mass slowly and constantly) lasts about 30 minutes. The main constituents of the paste after malaxation are olive oil, small pieces of kernel (pit), water and cellular debris. Separation is achieved by pressure, centrifugation, or selective filtration processes. 

A 1931 map indicates that 4.67 acres of the Spaulding property (part of the original 640 leased acres for the site) was sold to John Small III (Washingtonian Collection, D.C. Library). This was squares 1507 and 1509. Plan 30, dated 1937, indicates that this property (now listed as 4.69 acres) was sold to Olive M. Dwight. This property contained the three shell pits. A 1936 map of the construction development in the AUES area confirms that construction, which otherwise developed street by street, strangely bypassed these shell pits. Except for a steep terrain feature known as East Creek, all of the roads in this subdivision are designed to allow the lots to back up to each other. Only the area of POIs 20-23 has a parcel that is landlocked. 

The olive fruit contains oil of very similar composition in the pulp (approximately 20%) and in the kernel (approximately 12%). Genuine olive oil contains up to 83% oleic acid, between 4 and 21% linoleic acid and 8 to 25% saturated palmitic and stearic acids. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids is low. Olive pomace oil is the oil obtained by solvent extraction of olive pomace. Pomace is the ground flesh and pits after pressing. 

Canned or bottled green fermented olives (Spanish method). This refers to green olives that are fermented, then put in jars or barrels. Increasingly, green olives are being pitted and the pit cavity stuffed with either pimientos, onions, almonds, anchovies, or other edibles. 

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