Oils repelling animals

A mixture of black pepper and capsicum oils and the oleoresin of rosemary is claimed to repel animals (U.S. Patent 6,159,474). 

U.S. Patent 4,847,292. Repelling animals with compositions comprising citronellyl nitrile, citronellol, alpha-terpinyl methyl ether and lemon oil. http //www.freepatentsonline.com/4847292.html. Accessed September 10, 2008. 

Area repellents are materials that are intended to keep animals away from a broad area. They include predator scent such as Hon or tiger manure, blood meal, tankage such as putrefied slaughterhouse waste, bone tar oil, rags soaked in kerosene or creosote, and human hair (84). Although few controlled tests have been mn on these materials in the past, more recent investigations of predator odors have shown promise (85). 

REPELLENT. 1. A substance that causes and insect of animal to turn away from it or reject it as food. Repellents may be in the form of gases (olfactory), liquids, or solids (gustatory). Standard repellents for mosquitos, ticks, etc., arc dtronella oil, dimethyl phthalatc, w-butylmcsityl oxide oxalate, DEET, and 2-ethyl hexanediol-1,3. Actidione is the most effective rodent repellent, but is too toxic and too costly to use. Copper naphthenate and lime/sulfnr mixtures protect vegetation against rabbits and deer. Shark repellents are copper acetate or formic acid mixed with ground asbestos. Bird repellents are chiefly based on taste, but this sense varies widely with the type of bird so that generalization is impossible. G -Naphthol, naphthalene, sandalwood oil, quinine, and ammonium compounds have been used, with no uniformity or result. 

Use Vulcanizing agent for rubber, especially for steam hose and other heat-resistant uses fungicide insecticide seed disinfectant lubricating oil additive bacteriostat animal repellent. 

Plastic application materials such as cables are destroyed by animals and especially by rodents. Therefore, additives may be incorporated to eliminate potential damage to these materials. Additives of choice to repel rodents are substances with a bitter taste, for example, denatonium benzoate, with a spicy taste (capsaicin, hot pepper), and/or with an unpleasant odor for animals (Fig. 11.25). Other substances repel birds, for example, natural oils or methyl salicylate [69]. 

The amount of T. emitted from conifers (see conifer-and pine needle oils) in the hotter climatic zones has been estimated as ca. 1000000000 t/year. Only small amounts of T. are found in animals, e.g., as phero-mones or repellents. Numerous halogenated T. are formed by marine organisms (see marine natural products). 

Environmental Toxic to fish nontoxic to bees Precaution Combustible can form explosive mixts. with air > 89 C Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, CO2, SO, CS2 Uses Vulcanizing agent, accelerator for rubber preservative for natural rubber latex fungicide insecticide seed protectant/disinfectant animal repellent antioxidant for polyolefins lube oil additive in food-pkg. adhesives accelerator for food-contact rubber articles for repeated use antiseptic antibacterial, antifungal for topical pharmaceuticals Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.105,177.2600 SARA reportable Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich Atofina Agri Complex Ouimica SA FMC Foret ... 

Uses Vulcanizing agent, accelerator for rubber preservative for natural rubber latex fungicide insecticide seed protectant/disinfectant animal repellent antioxidant for polyolefins lube oil additive in food-pkg. adhesives accelerator for food-contact rubber articles for repeated use antiseptic antibacterial, antifungal for topical pharmaceuticals... 

Monoterpenes are important constituents of essential oils. These complex mixtures of compounds, as well as individual monoterpenes are used in medicine (F 2) and industry (F 4). Commercially important monoterpenes are, for instance, menthol, camphor, carvone, thymol, fenchone, and oc-pinene. Monoterpenes flavor foodstuffs and beverages (F 1). Citral, for example, is an important constituent of the smell of lemon. Thymol is involved in the flavor of mandarin oranges. Other monoterpenes, e.g., limonene and geraniol, are constituents of flower scents and attract plant pollinators (E 5.5.1). High monoterpene concentrations in plants will repel most potential predators, but my attract some animals (E 5.5.3). Animals use citronellal, citral, and oc- and jS-pinene als feeding deterrents (E 5.1) and geraniol, geranyl esters, myrcene, and terpinolene as pheromones (E 4). Some monoterpenes, e.g., 1,8-cineole and camphor, are also involved in plant-plant interactions (E 5.3). 

There is a patent (U.S. Patent 6,800,294) on an antiparasitic formulation comprising eucalyptus oil Eucalyptus globulus), cajeput oil Melaleuca cajuputi), lemongrass oil, clove bud oil (5. aromati-curri), peppermint oil (M. piperita), piperonyl, and piperonyl butoxide. The formulation can be used for treating an animal body, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating ectoparasitic infestation of an animal, or for repelling parasites. 

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