Oil-soluble resin

An emulsifying agent generally produces such an emulsion that the liquid in which it is most soluble forms the external phase. Thus the alkali metal soaps and hydrophilic colloids produce O/W emulsions, oil-soluble resins the W/O type (see emulsion). 

Me3CCH2CMe2C H40H. M.p. 8l-83"C, b.p. 286-288°C. Made by alkylation of phenol. Forms oil-soluble resins with methanal (salts used as oil additives) and surfactants (with ethylene oxide). 

Heat-reactive resins are more compatible than oil-soluble resins with other polar-coating resins, such as amino, epoxy, and poly(vinyl butyral). They are used in interior-can and dmm linings, metal primers, and pipe coatings. The coatings have excellent resistance to solvents, acids, and salts. They can be used over a wide range of temperatures, up to 370°C for short periods of dry heat, and continuously at 150°C. Strong alkaUes should be avoided. 

Xylenols, also obtained from coal tar, are sometimes used in oil-soluble resins. Of the six isomers (Figure 23.7) only 3,5-xylenol has the three reactive positions... 

Other higher boiling phenolic bodies obtainable from coal tar distillates are sometimes used in the manufacture of oil-soluble resins. Mention may also be made of cashew nut shell liquid which contains phenolic bodies and which is used in certain specialised applications. 

A few synthetic substituted phenols are also used in the manufacture of oil-soluble resins. They include p-tert-butylphenol, / -tert-amylphenol, p-tert-octylphenol, /7-phenylphenol and dihydroxyphenylpropane (bis-phenol A). 

Phenolic resins are useful surface coating materials. Resols are useful for stoving lacquers for coating chemical plant, textile equipment, razor blades, brassware cuid food cans. Phenolic resins are used with poly(vinyl formal) as a flexible, tough and solvent-resistant wire enamel. Oil-soluble resins based on synthetic phenols form the basis of some gloss paints. 

Where resorcinol adhesives are not suitable, resins can be prepared from modified resorcinol [128], Characteristic of these types of resins arc those used for tyre cord adhesives, in which a pure resorcinol-formaldehyde resin is used, or alternatively, alkyl resorcinol or oil-soluble resins suitable for rubber compounding are obtained by prereaction of resorcinol with fatty acids in the presence of sulfuric acid at high temperature followed by reaction with formaldehyde. Worldwide more than 90% of resorcinol adhesives are used as cold-setting wood adhesives. The other most notable application is as tyre cord adhesives, which constitutes less than 5% of the total use. 

In order to prevent seepage loss of circulation to the vugular formation, bridging the formation—by properly sized, acid-soluble on oil-soluble resin particles as well as colloidal particles—should be considered. 

Fluid loss additives are used are used to reduce the rate of fluid loss from the fracture to the formation and to naturally occurring macro- and micro-fractures within the formation. Silica flour (73,74), oil-soluble resins (75), diesel oil emulsions (5% by volume) (74) have also been used. 

Use Pesticide intermediate, oil-soluble resin manufacture, may be useful as germicide and fumigant. 

During the thirties many substituted phenols were screened for applicability in varnishes. Patents on the preparation of oil-soluble resins were issued to Honel (20) using p-tert-butylphenol and p-tert-amyIphenol and to Turkington and Butler (21) using p-tert-buty Iphenol, octylphenol, and others. Turkington and Allen (22) reported the effect of the alkyl substituent on the phenol and the Influence on resin and varnish properties. Of some 40 tested, only the acid-catalyzed, nonheat-reactive resins made with p-phenylphenol and a few para tertiary alkylated phenols gave good performance. 

Phenolic oil-soluble resins also find use as additives to other vehicles to increase adhesion, hardness, and alkali and moisture resistance. The addition of 5-20% to an alkyd will significantly improve this type performance. 

Phenol is a key industrial chemical however, the output of phenol from coal tar is exceeded by that of synthetic phenol. Phenol is used for the production of phenol-formaldehyde resins, while other important uses in the plastics field include the production of polyamides such as nylon, of epoxy resins, and polycarbonates based on bisphenol A and of oil-soluble resins from p-t-butyl and p-octyl phenols. Phenol is used in the manufacture of pentachlorophenol, which is used as a fungicide and in timber preservation. Aspirin and many other pharmaceuticals, certain detergents, and tanning agents are all derived from phenol, and another important use is in the manufacture of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which is a selective weed killer. 

Dimethyl urea yu- re-o. (CH3NH)2CO. Primary condensation product of urea and formaldehyde. When condensed in the presence of alcohols, it forms oil-soluble resins. With mildly acid salts, it may be used as an adhesive. 

Oil-soluble resin n. A resin that is capable of dissolving in or reacting with drying oils at moderate temperatures. Such resins are used for producing homogeneous coatings with modified characteristics. 

A few synthetic higher homologues of phenol are used for making oil-soluble resins for surface coatings. They include p-tert-butylphenol (IV), p-tert-amyl-phenol (V), p-tert-octylphenol (VI) and p-phenylphenol (VII). 

Oil-soluble resin is not as popular as it once was but still has occasional application. Oil-soluble resin application is limited because its melting point is more than 300°F. Therefore, removal must be entirely from dissolution in produced oil. If that is not accomplished, a separate solvent treatment must be pumped to remove the diverter. Therefore, other degradable diverters, such as forms of benzoic acid and wax beads, are preferable because of their lower melting points (see table 6-9). 

Houchin, L. R., D. D. Dunlap, L. M. Hudson, and P. C. Begnaud. 1986. Evaluation of oil-soluble resin as an acid diverting agent. Paper SPE 15574, presented at the Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans. 

Currently, the commercial systems available that will result in the deepest penetration of acid are emulsified acid and, perhaps, surfactant-gelled acid. Viscous acids may contain a fluid-loss additive, such as an oil-soluble resin or polymer, to reduce leak-off. Particulate diverters are not effective in fracture acidizing, but in matrix treatments, they can make a difference. 

Treatment placement or diversion in carbonate matrix acidizing is more difficult than in sandstone acidizing. This is because of the high solubility of carbonate formations in acid and the formation of channels. This eliminates the use of particulate diverters, such as rock salt, benzoic acid, and oil-soluble resin. 

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