Offshore oil and gas

The International Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Production Industry (1996), Decommissioning Offshore Oil and Gas Installations Finding the Right Balance ... 

Oil Industry Advisory Committee (1996) Management of Occupational Health Risks in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry, HSE, Bootle. 

HS(Gjl25 A bnef guide on COSHH for the offshore oil and gas industry... 

Safety zones around offshore oil and gas installations m waters around the UK - Notice to fishermen It takes your breath away - Health advice to the plastics industry... 

Case study 5 provides an example from the offshore oil and gas production industry, and illustrates the fact that in solving a specific practical problem, a practitioner will utilize a wide variety of formal and informal methods. Table 7.1, which describes some of the methods used in the study, includes several techniques discussed in Chapter 4, including interviews, critical incident techniques, walk-throughs and task analysis. 

Pratt, J. A. Priest, T. and Castaneda, C. J. (1997). Offshore Pioneers Brown Root and the History of Offshore Oil and Gas. Houston. TX Gulf Publishing Company. 

FPN No. 5) For further information on electrical system for hazardous (classified) locations on offshore oil and gas platforms, see Design and Installation of Electrical Systems for Offshore Production Platforms, ANSl/APl RP 14F-1991. 

Transportation is the means by which onshore and offshore oil and gas production is carried to the manufacturing centers and from which refined products are carried to wholesale and retail distribution centers. 

Sixty fatalities occurred in the Gulf of Mexico related to offshore oil and gas production during 1980 to 1990. The immediate cause of death has been identified in Table 6. 

R92008 Methods for the Determination of Diesel Mineral and Crude Oils in Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and Discharges 821R93010a Methods for the Determination of Non-conventional Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, Volume I 600488039 Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water... 

Petroleum hydrocarbons (oil and combustion by-products such as PAHs) Runoff and atmospheric deposition from land activities shipping and tanker operations accidental spills, coastal and offshore oil and gas production natural seepage Toxic effects including birth defects, cancer, and systemic poisoning. Tar balls degrade beach habitat. 

Smit, M.G.D., Van Dalfsen, J.A., Karman, C.C. (2005). Linking the different worlds of environmental risk assessment and environmental effect monitoring. In Armsworthy, S.L., Cranford, PJ. and Lee, K., Offshore Oil and Gas Environmental Effects Monitoring Approaches and Technologies. Battelle Press. 

Hinwood, J.B., Poots, A.E., Dennis, L.R., Carey, J.M., Houridis, H., Bell, R.J., Thomson, J.R., Boudreau, P. and Ayling, A.M. (1994) Environmental implications of drilling activities, in Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas Development in Australia—The Finding of an Independent Scientific Review (eds J.M. Swan, J.M. Neff and P.C Young), Australian Petroleum Exploration Association, Sydney, pp. 123—207. 

Neff, J.M., Rabalis, N.N. and Boesch, B.F. (1987) Offshore oil and gas development activities potentially causing long-term environmental effects, in Long-Term Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil and Gas Development (eds D.F. Boesch and... 

Although oil and gas exploration and production activities which occur offshore involve an extension of continents (the continental margins), they are nevertheless considered more in the general terms of oceanological rather than continental resources (the latter generally considered land or above-sea-level resources). Various aspects of offshore oil and gas production arc described briefly in the entries on Natural Gas and Petroleum. 

Leffler, W.L., G. Sterling, and R. Pattarozzi Deepwater Petroleum Exploration and Production A Nontechnical Guide, PennWell Corporation, Tulsa, OK. 2003. Longwen. W. "China s Exploration and Development of Offshore Oil and Gas. ... 

Microprocessor-based control systems are marketed under a variety of acronyms and not all will be true DCCSs. Of particular note are the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems which form an increasingly central part of the operations of many industries (e.g. offshore oil and gas platforms, petrochemical complexes, pulp and paper works). SCADA describes a communications system whose principal function is to join instrumentation and control into a cohesive package(57) and, particularly, the supervision and management of remote ... 

Acartia tonsa (Dana). A. tonsa immobilisation tests were conducted following the general guidelines of the ISO TC147/SC5/WG2 protocol, using procedures recommended by the Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPAR) to provide data for hazard assessment of chemicals intended for use in the North Sea by the offshore oil and gas industry (MAFF, 1994, 1996). 

The Department of Trade and Industry is the regulator or competent authority responsible for regulation of the offshore oil and gas sector, and therefore was responsible for the permitting of these installations. 

Facilities participating in the UK ETS also were eligible to apply to be opted out of the EU ETS for the period in which the UK ETS was in operation (between 2002 and 2006). The UK ETS explicitly excluded emissions from the power sector, but there was nevertheless significant overlap among participants - including the cement sector, two offshore oil and gas operators, a food and drink operator and a group of universities. The corresponding sites joined the EU ETS in 2007 as incumbents. 

Since the first oil crisis, energy independence has been a central topic in Danish energy planning. Today, there is a large offshore oil and gas sector, and Denmark is currently a net exporter of oil and gas. 

The offshore oil and gas sector was treated in the same way as the manufacturing industry in the NAP. The fact that the energy consumption of an oilfield increases over the lifetime of the field was estimated to be counterbalanced by the possibilities of reducing flaring emission. 

For the oil and gas sector, data had been collected through the licensing and monitoring of offshore oil and gas installations carried out by the DEA. 

Zhou, S.W., Han, M., Xiang, W.T., Zhang, J., Zhou, W., Jiang, W, 2006. Application of polymer flooding technology in a Bohai Offshore Field. China Offshore Oil and Gas 18... 

The Use of Expert Systems in Negative Manufacturing Qualitative Simulation of Continuous Chemical Processes The Use of Expert Systems in Process Design of Offshore Oil and Gas Production Systems... 

Anthropogenic radioactive contamination of the marine environment has several sources disposal at sea, discharges to the sea, accidental releases and fallout from nuclear weapon tests and nuclear accidents. In addition, discharge of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) from offshore oil and gas production is a considerable source for contamination. 

The input of radioactivity, NORM, from the offshore oil and gas production may also give reason for concern. The input will increase as it is a continuous part of the production. Even if radium as the main radionuclide is not likely to be taken up by marine... 

Compared to other wastes disposed of at sea the amount of radioactive waste by weight is rather diminutive. However, contrary to most of the ordinary wastes in the sea, detectable amounts of anthropogenic radioactivity are found in all parts of the world oceans and will continue to contaminate the sea for many thousands of years to come. This means that anthropogenic radioactive material has become an extra chronic radiation burden for marine organisms. In addition, the release of natural occurring radionuclides from offshore oil and gas production will gradually increase the levels of radium, in particular, with a possible, at present unknown, effect. 

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