Of stable carbon isotopes

Leavitt, S.W. and Newberry T. 1992 Systematics of stable-carbon isotopic differences between gymnosperm and angiosperm trees. Plant Physiology (Life Science Advances) 11 Til-161. 

Some aspects of the biochemistry of metabolic processes affecting nutrients appear to have significant consequences for the expected behavior of stable carbon isotopes as tracers of diet. Specifically, we have seen that the simple model of a total scrambling of carbon atoms during endogenous biosynthesis is inconsistent with the expected pathways of some nutrients, whereas other isotopic records in ancient human tissues can be adequately accounted for by this model. 

Tieszen, L.L., Boutton, T.W., Tesdahl, K.G., Slade, N. A. (1983). Fractionation and turnover of stable carbon isotopes in animal tissues implications for dl3C analysis of diet. Oecologia, Vol. 57, pp. 32-37. 

Drenzer NJ, T1 Eglinton, CO Wirsen, HD May, Q Wu, KR Sowers, CM Reddy (2001) The absence and application of stable carbon isotope fractionation during the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ Sci Technol 35 3310-3313. 

Griebler C, M Safinowski, A Vieth, HH Richnow, RU Meckenstock (2004) Combined application of stable carbon isotope analysis and specific metabolites determination for assessing in situ degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in a tar oil-contaminated aquifer. Environ Sci Technol 38 617-631. 

Powers JS, Schlesinger WH (2002) Geographic and vertical patterns of stable carbon isotopes in tropical rain forest soils of Costa Rica. Geoderma 109 141-160... 

Chung HM, Sackett WM (1979) Use of stable carbon isotope compositions of pyrolyticaUy derived methane as maturity indices for carbonaceous materials. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43 1979-1988... 

Wong WW, Sackett WM (1978) Fractionation of stable carbon isotopes by marine phytoplankton. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42 1809-1815... 

In an attempt to determine whether there might be any relationship between the carbon of the anthraxolite and that of the calcite associated with it, the ratios of stable carbon isotopes were determined for each (Table IV). The results are given as C in per mil relative to National Bureau of Standards sample NBS-22 and also relative to the Urey-Chicago Standard (PDB). 

Fig. 5. Diagram of stable carbon isotope ratios in a seagrass meadow in North Carolina. Data from Thayer et al. (1978).

Schidlowski M. (1987) Application of stable carbon isotopes to early biochemical evolution on Earth. Annual Review Earth Planet. Sci. IS, 47-72. 

Craig, H., The Geochemistry of Stable Carbon Isotopes, Geochim. 

Organic substances such as collagen must be converted to CO2 for high precision determination of stable carbon isotopic abundances. Solid organic samples are converted to CO2 by combustion in the presence of an oxidizing agent (33. 39). Quartz tubes (9 mm) were cut to 30 cm lengths, sealed at one end, and loaded with 2 g of CuO and a 9 mm piece... 

Bernoux, M., C.C. Cerri, C. Neill, and J. L Moraes. 1998d. The use of stable carbon isotopes for estimating soil organic matter turnover rates. Geoderma. 82(1-3) 43-58. 

Homibrook E. R. C., Longstaffe F. J., and Fyfe W. S. (2000) Evolution of stable carbon isotope compositions for methane and carbon dioxide in freshwater wetlands and other anaerobic environments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64, 1013-1027. 

Mazeas L., Budzinski H., and Raymond N. (2002) Absence of stable carbon isotope fractionation of saturated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during aerobic bacterial degradation. Org. Geochem. 33, 1259-1272. 

An illustration of an isotope exchange reaction is the distribution of stable carbon isotopes between equilibrated C02(g) and aqueous HCO3 species of the carbonate buffer system. The hydration reaction for CO2, Eq. (4.11)... 

B. Martin, A. Bytnerowicz, Y.R. Thorstenson (1988) Effects of air pollutants on the composition of stable carbon isotopes, 5 C, of leaves and wood, and on leaf injury. Plant Physiol. M, 218-223... 

Therefore, the values for the groundwater humic substances indicate a terrestrial rather than an aquatic origin. Based on the fractionation of stable carbon isotopes by algae and higher plants, Nissenbaum (1973) concluded that ratios of -18 indicate algal origin and ratios of -25 to -30 indicate terrestrial origin. 

S. Opsahl, R.G. Zepp (2001). Photochemically-induced alteration of stable carbon isotope ratios (delta C) in terrigenous dissolved organic carbon. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28,2417-2420. 

Fuex A.N. (1977) The use of stable carbon isotopes in hydrocarbon exploration. /. Geochem. Explot. 7, 155—88. 

The most compelling evidence for microbial utilisation of seep hydrocarbons as energy and nutritional carbon sources, and of the pathway of carbon flow through the seep fauna and carbonates, comes from the distribution of stable carbon isotopes at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico (Aharon, 2000). 

Belyaev SS, WolkinR, Kenealy WR, DeNiro MJ, Epstein S, Zeikus JG (1983) Methanogenic bacteria from the Bondynzhskoe oil field general characterization and analysis of stable-carbon isotopic fractionatiom Appl Environ Microbiol 45 691-697... 

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