Odor sensitivity

Such definitions imply that there is a reliable test for rancidity, but this is not the case. The difficulties are centered about the fact that in the final analysis, rancidity must be detected through organoleptic observation, which is subject to all the weaknesses inherent in a test involving personal judgment. As was pointed out in a recent discussion (S), these weaknesses include variabilities in the taste and odor sensitivities of persons in the same or different laboratories, their previous taste experiences, the prevailing condi-... 

Colorless to pale yellow to yellow-orange liquid with a pungent odor. Sensitive to heat, friction, and shock. Explosive in presence of impurities. 

The odor sensitivity of an experimental animal needs to be known to appreciate communication distances and performance, but it is not easily measured. The detection thresholdhzs to be distinguished from the recognition threshold. The former is the concentration at which an odor is noticed, and the latter -typically much higher - the concentration at which behavior tests in animals or verbal responses in humans show that the odor has been recognized as a specific signal, compound, or mixture. 

Drickamer (1986) suggested that natural selection has had little effect on the chemical signals that modulate puberty. Instead, natural selection has shaped the odor sensitivity of the young females and the donors and recipients behaviors of depositing, approaching, or avoiding the chemical cues. 

The combined effect of carbon monoxide and alcohol on odor sensitivity. Environment International 12,207-210. 

Polak, E. H. and Provasi, J. (1992). Odor sensitivity to geosmin enantiomers. Chemical Senses 17,23-26. 

Combinatorial Expression of Olfactory Genes Determines Odor Sensitive Phenotypes of Sensilla... 

Boekhoff I., Strotmann J., Raming K., Tareilus E. and Breer H. (1990a) Odorant-sensitive phospholipase C in insect antennae. Cell Signal 2, 49-56. 

Lowe G. and Gold G. H. (1991) The spatial distribution of odorant sensitivity and odorant-induced currents in salamander olfactory receptor cells. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 442, 147-168. 

Sklar P. B., Anholt R. H. and Snyder S. H. (1986) The odorant sensitive adenylate cyclase of olfactory receptor cells differential stimulation by distinct classes of odorants. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 15538-15543. 

In insects, odor molecules are thought to be transported to ORs by OBPs and subsequently degraded by ODEs, though there is considerable uncertainty about the nature of the interactions between these three protein classes. OBPs and ORs comprise multigene families and there are multiple ODEs. The distinct odor sensitive phenotypes of different sensilla are presumed to be based on the differential expression of specific combinations of ORs, OBPs and ODEs which have ligand... 

Odor Sensitivity and Respiratory Complaint Profiles in a Community-Based Sample with Asthma, Hay Fever, and Chemical Odor Intolerance... 

These polar transformation products and sulfur oxides (SO2, SO3) arising in the ultimate stages of the transformation process are formed in trace amounts in the aged polymer matrix. Volatile products may be sources of undesirable organoleptic problems. This limits the use of organic thiocompounds in odor-sensitive applications. Organic S-proto-nic acids 85, 86 deactivate basic stabilizers (HAS). The peroxidolytic effect of 85, 86 is reduced in the presence of some antiacids or fillers, e.g., calcium carbonate. 

Ammonia has an odor threshold ranging from 1 to 5 ppm. Exposures between 20 and 25 ppm can cause complaints and discomfort in some workers unaccustomed to ammonia exposure but have little effect on pulmonary function or odor sensitivity. Concentrations of 100 ppm caused definite irritation of the respiratory tract and eyes, and exposures at 250 ppm ammonia are bearable for 30-60 min. Severe irritation of the respiratory tract, skin, and eyes has been observed following ammonia exposures ranging from 400 to 700 ppm. Exposure to 2500-4500 ppm ammonia can be fatal within 30 min. Immediate fatalities appear to be the result of airway obstruction, particularly laryngeal edema and glottic spasm, while infections and other secondary complications appear to be the cause of fatality among those who survive for several days to weeks. 

Properties Yellow-green solid unpleasant odor. Sensitive to light. Soluble in water. 

Chronic occupational exposure (about 14 years) to low levels of airborne ammonia (12.5 ppm) had no effect on pulmonary function or odor sensitivity in a group of workers at a soda ash factory compared to a control group from the same factory that was not exposed to ammonia (Holness et al. 1989). An acute inhalation MRL of 1.7 ppm was derived from the Verberk (1977) study, and a chronic inhalation MRL of 0.3 ppm was derived from the Holness et al. (1989) study MRLs are presented in Table 3-1 and Figure 3-1 and are discussed in Section 2.3. 

Placed in shipping and storage containers to protect odor-sensitive substances and to prevent odorous materials from creating a nuisance Building boards for protective shelters Kitchen hoods... 

Crystals Dr eryst powder slight acetic odor sensitive to light. Poison d 3.2S. mp 178-180° (overheating results in decompn). One g dissolves in 2.5 ml cold, 1 ml boiling water sol in alcohol. Keep well closed and protected from light. Aq solns decomp on standing, yielding a yellow ppt. 

Pace, U., Hamski, E., Salomon, Y., Lancet, D., Odorant-sensitive adenylate cyclase may mediate olfactory reception . Nature 316 (1985) 255-258. 

Cate HS, Gleeson RA, Derby CD (1999) Activity-dependent labeling of the olfactory organ of blue crabs suggests that pheromone-sensitive and food-odor sensitive receptor neurons are packaged together in aesthetasc sensilla. Chem Senses 24 559... 

For odor-sensitive applications or use in moisture-sensitive polymers such as PET or PC, highly concentrated master batches of special pigments with extremely low moisture content levels are the most suitable choice (type DXS von Holliday Pigments). 

If the test is failed, the subject shall return to the selection roomand remove the respirator. The test subject shall repeat the odor sensitivity test, select and put on anotherrespirator, return to the testarea and again begin the fit test procedure described in (b) (1) through (7) above. The... 

Acyclic sesquiterpenes famesol in essential oils, in perfume and soap products typical odor, sensitive to oxidation, heat and light... 

Pace, U., E. Hanski, Y. Salomon, and D. Lancet Odorant-Sensitivity Adenylate Cyclase May Mediate Olfactory Reception. Nature 316, 255-258 (1985). 

Baldwin. C.M. et al., 1999. Odor sensitivity and respiratory complaint pro les in a community-based sample with asthma, hay fever, and chemical intolerance. 15 403-409. 

What is the minimal concentration that elicits a perceptible odor The question implies two discrete sensory states odor present (above threshold) or odor absent (below threshold). Some theories propose the existence of sensory thresholds of this type (e.g., [2,32]). Most evidence supports another class of theories, in which sensation can assume any value along a continuum rather than one of two (or a few) discrete states [33-35]. In virtually all literature on odor sensitivity, the term threshold has no necessary relationship to the internal state of an organism rather, it refers to the concentration that produces some criterion level of performance on a given task. Accordingly, one must consider thresholds in light of the methods used to obtain them. Important considerations include (a) the task subjects perform and (b) the method experimenters use to select concentrations used during a session. 

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