Poisoning occupational

Dermal exposure of rats and rabbits to endrin resulted in toxicity and death (Gaines 1960 Treon et al. 1955), indicating that percutaneous absorption of endrin occurs. It is likely that occupational poisonings reported by Hoogendam et al. (1962, 1965) also involved dermal absorption, but the extent and relative contribution of dermal exposure cannot be determined. Data describing the rate or extent of dermal absorption were not located. 

Workers exposed to carbaryl dust at levels that occasionally reached 40mg/m had slight depression in blood cholinesterase activity but no clinical symptoms. In general, cases of occupational poisoning by carbaryl are rare because mild symptoms appear long before a dangerous dose is absorbed, furthermore. 

Reportedly, headache, nausea, and confusion may occur after inhalation of vapor. Occupational poisoning from vapor exposure is rare. Naphthalene on the skin may cause hypersensitivity dermatitis. ... 

Roshchin AV, Ordzhonikidze EK. 1986. [Metal toxicokinetics and its significance for the prevention of occupational poisoning]. Gig Tr Prof Zabol, Issue 3, 1-6. (Russian). 

It is difficult to obtain figures that accurately reflect the incidence of pesticide poisoning, and the number of documented cases of direct human poisoning in the USA varies from source to source. It was estimated that there are 100,000 nonfatal cases of human poisoning each year from pesticide exposure (7). In 1973 there were 1,A7A cases of occupational illness associated with pesticide exposure in California (8). Organophosphate insecticides are a major cause of occupational poisoning. 

Kleiner AM, Stolbun BM, Likhacheva YI, et al. 1970. [Indices of the functional status of the myocardium and hemodynamics in chronic occupational poisoning with chromium compounds]. Gig Tr ProfZabol 14 7-10. (Russian). 

Yamada, A. 1974. Patho-anatomical studies on occupational poisoning. Tr. Soc Path. Jap 63 17-61. (as cited in Inada et al., 1978)... 

The unique physical properties of metallic mercury led to its widespread industrial use during the 19th century. Because of this, epidemics of occupational poisonings were documented in the mirror and felt hat industries. Symptoms and signs of severe poisoning included pneumonitis, tremor, inflammation of the gums with excessive salivation, and psychiatric symptoms such as excitability, insomnia, irritation, and shyness. 

Lundgren KD, Swensson A. 1949. Occupational poisoning by alkyl mercury compounds. J Indust Hyg Toxicol 31 190-200. 

Stoeckel H and Meinecke KH (1966). (On a case of occupational poisoning by mevinphos). (Author s translation). Arch Toxikol, 21, 284-288. 

Blodgett DW, Suruda AJ and Crouch B1 (2001). Fatal unintentional occupational poisonings by hydrofluoric acid in the US. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 40, 215-220. 

For example, the authors of the recent poisoning review in Khonkaen, Thailand [2], recommended that pictograms of essential safety information be placed on the labels of chemicals, since the majority of occupational poisoning exposures involved people with low levels of education and that improving the level of education could only be a longterm solution. 

Decreasing Detectable Acute Occupational Poisoning Patients and Associated Mortality... 

A total of 2359 new cases of acute occupational poisoning were reported in 1991, which was an increase when compared with 1990. Organophoqrhorus pesticides poisoning increased fiom being second in rank to first. 

In 1991,2390 new cases of chronic occupational poisonings were reported, with lead, benzene and trinitrotoluene continuing to be the 3 foremost causative agents [6]. 

H. Occupational Poisoning by Arsenic Hidden from Public Scrutiny... 

Dimethylacetamide is used as a solvent in the manufacture of plastics and as a paint remover. Occupational poisoning and hepatotoxicity to extreme eoneentrations of dimethylacetamide (DMA) are reported in the medical literature. Deereases in hepatie clearance measures and alterations in hepatic transaminases with hepatomegaly have been reported at lower doses.Like dimethylformamide, DMA is readily absorbed through the skin. Chronic exposures in workers exposed to low air concentrations of DMA of less than 3 ppm and with biological monitoring assessments to measure dosages by dermal absorption demonstrated little evidence of hepatotoxicity by clinical chemistries. "... 

Urushibata O, Kase K (1991) Irritant contact dermatitis from Euphorbia marginata. Contact Dermatitis 24 155-156 Epstein WL (1994) Occupational poison ivy and oak dermatitis. Dermatol Clin 12 511-516 O Malley MA, Barba R (1990) Bullous dermatitis in field workers associated with exposure to mayweed. Am J Contact Dermat 1 34-42... 

Epstein WL (1994) Occupational poison ivy and oak dermatitis. Dermatol Clin 12 511-516... 

Occupational poisons gain entry to the body most commonly through the lungs but also through the gut and the skin. In the pregnant woman, there... 

Of particular interest to Tanquerel des Planches in his work was the widespread occupational poisonings of painters, particularly those using white lead for repainting or new painting and those exposed during removal... 

Lead paint was known as a major occupational poisoning hazard long before it became an environmental health hazard from application and ultimate deterioration of lead paint. In terms of history, lead paint production and use was known as an occupational hazard in Europe and elsewhere before its recognition in the United States. This body of information first emerged in the nineteenth century. 

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