Objects relational property

It is desired to find a replacement for Freon-12 as an alternative refrigerant [Duvedi Achenie (1996)]. The objective is to find replacements that have the same refrigerant related properties as Freon-12 but without the harmfull environmental properties (such as the Ozone depletion potential) - The new refrigerant must absorb heat at temperatures as low as -1.1°C and reject heat at temperatures as high as 313 K. It must also respect the following characteristics ... 

Topology is a branch of mathematics investigating relations between objects and object s properties pertinent to continuous transformations of one object into another [8]. These transformations may involve considerable deformations of the objects. However, no cutting of them or gluing their points together are allowed by the transformations. Topological singularity of such molecules as those... 

Often it is very difficult to determine the burning behavior of complex objects on the basis of the performance of its individual components in bench-scale reaction-to-fire tests. It is much more practical to measure the heat release rate and related properties for the complete object. This requires a large-scale test. In other cases, it is not possible to capture certain aspects of real fire behavior such as melting, delamination, joint effects, etc., in a bench-scale test. A large-scale test is needed to assess these effects. Two commonly used large-scale reaction-to-fire tests are test methods are discussed as follows. 

Rheological studies of milk fat and butter are concerned mainly with objectively measuring spreadability and texture-related properties. Large... 

Structural information as well as subterranean structures of solids. The surface-related properties of materials can therefore be better understood [46], There are several other advantages of surface investigation by HRTEM. For example, specimen preparation is simple. Normally, small particles with any size and any morphology can be directly used. Multiple scattering can normally be ignored, since the surface areas are often very thin and can legitimately be treated as weak phase objects, where the image intensity indicates the projected electrostatic potential. 

So, of those three properties—asymmetry, handedness, and enantiomorphy— which is extrinsic, and which intrinsic Because asymmetry, or lack of it, seems to be determined entirely by internal relations between the parts of an object, this property is surely appropriately regarded as intrinsic. This might be thought to conflict with the experiment just described. For, although an R is asymmetric when confined to a plane, once it is lifted into a third dimension, a plane of symmetry appears (try slicing it horizontally). But this is a cheat. A genuinely two-dimensional R remains asymmetric whatever the dimensionality of the space in which it is embedded it doesn t have an upper and a lower side that can be separated by slicing the R. 

Both handedness and enantiomorphy are extrinsic properties of the hand, because both depend on relations to external objects. Because of this dependence, enantiomorphy is an intrinsic relational property of pairs (or other collections) of asymmetric objects. 

There are considerable similarities between the components of the different generic modeling languages applied in this chapter. In particular, all of them provide language primitives for classes, relations, attributes, and instances (though named differently within the respective formalisms). For sake of clarity, we will use the term class to refer to classes as well as to concepts, frames, or similar language constructs (however named) in the remainder of this chapter. Similarly, the term relation is used to denote (inter)relations, properties, slots, and associations the term instance subsumes instances, individuals, and concrete objects alike. 

The above analysis shows that the relation between chemistry and physics cannot simply be one of reduction, except in a restricted ontological sense. Nevertheless, it is not difficult to find statements in the literature to the effect that chemistry either has been reduced or potentially reducible to physics in articles that show skepticism about generality of reduction. For instance, Klee (1997) claims If, for example, chemistry is reducible to physics, as indeed it seems to be, then if we were to make an ontological inventory of all the kinds of objects and properties there are in the world, we would not in addition to all the physical kinds of objects and properties (i.e., all the kinds of physical subatomic particles and their subatomic properties) need to list any chemical objects and properties. He concludes later, There have been a... 

If the subscript relates to an object or property, it should be a CAPITAL letter ... 

Another option is to take space-time locations as a special component of the basic informational units, which we shall introduce shortly. Our choice is based on our vision for future developments and applications of Situation Theory, by inclusion of complex spice-time models. For example by using time models integrated with three dimensional space models, objects, such as individuals, that are components of informational pieces can occupy specific space locations at various times. Informational pieces with relations, properties, and actions involving objects as components typically pertain to space-time locations. 

The way I have chosen to do this is by giving an example in which an extrinsic (relational) property supervenes on the intrinsic properties of objects and explains - or is normally taken to explain - the eflfects these objects have on systems in which they occur. The analogy with belief (and other propositional attitudes) will be obvious. I hope to use the analogy to say something useful about mental causation and Kim s views on these matters. 

The monetary value of an object is a relational property of that object. It has to do with its history — was it produced in a mint or in someone s basement - and the economic practices of the community in which it... 

Avoids a process only comphance methodology (where the assumption made is that good process=good product), which has been shown to be problematic and often not true. By making sure the objectives relate to product properties of the SAV (such as requirements, source code and so on), this gives product output perspective in addition to the process controls. 

The objective of any statistical modelling is not to obtain correlations but to account for mechanistic relationships. A good model describes the observed activity or effects with only few, generally < 3, process-related properties. In contrast, a model with a large number of arbitrary variables is highly likely to represent a chance correlation and will reflect a lack of expertise in the application of statistical tools. It is a trivial fact that increasing the number of descriptor variables ultimately leads to statistically perfect corre-... 

Meta-function symbol stands for a name (or a qualified name) of a relation between objects, or a name (or a qualified name) of an object s property—i.e. an object-level predicate name, such as f hasSon . It also stands for other metalevel function symbols to represent logical connectives, e.g. A ,... 

It is reasonable to speculate that the differences in elemental densities at the MNM transition are related to characteristic atomic properties. One such property, for example, is the radius of the principal maximum in the charge density of the ns valence orbital, a which enters into the Mott criterion (Section 2.3.4). A related property is the static polarizability a of the isolated atom. The polarizability formed the basis of very early discussions of the MNM transition by Goldhammer (1913) and Herzfeld (1927). They pointed out that electrons localized around atomic nuclei constitute polarizable objects and their internal dynamics in dense assemblies leads to local corrections to the polarizing tendency of any external field impressed on the system. For an isotropic material, the correction factor has the form [1 — (4Tr/3)lVa] where N is the number of atoms per unit volume. If a is taken to remain roughly... 

A related property is specific heat capacity (c), the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of the object by 1 K ... 

Metallic nanoparticles are a special class of chemical object that are ubiquitous in many fields of science, such as physics, chemistiy, materials science, biochemistry and nanotechnology. Metallic nanoparticles exhibit many special diverse characteristics such as optical, electronic, magnetic and related properties. Most research attention has been focused on the control of the size and shape of nanoparticles, aiming at their utilization in well-defined chemistiy. 

---