Extrinsic properties

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Properties. The materials Fe, Co, and Ni and their alloys and oxides are mostly used for recording appHcations materials. Their magnetic properties are described by intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. The intrinsic properties (saturation magneti2ation, Af,... 

The expert tried to optimise the design of unbreakable crockery. First he wanted to find reasons for using ceramic as the main material in terms of desired properties. From this first step, he concluded that ceramic had some advantages over metals or composites. The expert made a sharp distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic properties. The choice of type of ceramics was not relevant becanse the desired properties are extrinsically determined. Thns relevant properties cannot be much influenced by the difference in bonding strength due to the different types of ions of the material. Consequently, the properties of ceramic crockery are not mnch inflnenced by the actual choice of ceramic material. Because of this, the expert did not inclnde the ionic stmcture in his reasoning. When he was asked why he did not nse this snb-microscopic level, he explained it was not necessary becanse this [the desired properly] is not imdeigoing influences at atomic level at all . 

The coercive force of a powder is an extrinsic property, which is influenced by many factors such as size and shape and packing density. Maghemite particles prepared from directly precipitated spindle-type hematite particles showed a tendency of increase in coercive force with decrease in particle size, and increase in their aspect ratios (31). However, a quantitative relationship between the coercive force and size and/or aspect ratio is still not available. 

We now return to answer the question raised by Kant s work on incongruous counterparts Whether an object is chiral depends on the dimension of the space in which it is embedded. That is, chirality is an extrinsic property. 

This chapter investigates how intrinsic and extrinsic properties are affected by nanostructuring. Emphasis is on model calculations and analytical approximations, as contrasted to Chapter 2 by Kashyap et al. which focuses on numerical calculations, and Ch. 4 by Schrefl et al., where emphasis is on micromagnetic models and simulations. Section 2 is devoted to static properties, whereas section 3 is concerned with magnetization dynamics. Finally, section 4 presents a number of case studies. 

The behavior of magnetic nanostructures reflects both nanoscale features, such as particle size and geometry, and the intrinsic properties of the magnetic substances. For example, the magnetization reversal in nanodots crucially depends on the anisotropy of the dot material. Furthermore, nanostructures are often used as bulk materials, so that their extrinsic properties must be evaluated from the point of view of bulk materials. This appendix summarizes the characteristics of some important classes of magnetic materials and provides exemplary data. 

Table A.3 Extrinsic properties of some bulk magnets.

Much science still needs to be done, such as the current carrying capacity or the critical current density of the materials. Critical current density is an extrinsic property of superconducting materials which strongly depends upon microstructure and hence on the way materials are prepared. Such studies impact on the technology because of the need to produce a sample of suitable form on which the critical current density can be measured. There... 

It is well known that nanocrystals with free surfaces have considerable lattice contraction induced by the large surface/volume ratio. The lattice contraction increases as the size of the nanocrystals decreases. In this contribution, we have considered the size-dependence of the Curie temperature of PZT induced by lattice contraction when the particles size goes into nanometer range. Useful results have been obtained. However, we have neglected the extrinsic contributions on properties, which are caused by domain wall, defect motion, and/or surface charge, etc. The extrinsic properties are more or less affected by the materials processing technology and discussion of them is out of the scope of the present study. 

We have seen that the local constraint on the surface curvatures, set by the surfactant parameter, can be treated within the context of differential geometry, which deals with the intrinsic geometry of the surface. In contrast, the global constraint, set by the composition of the mixture, is dependent upon the extrinsic properties of the surface, which need not be related to its intrinsic characteristics. (For example, the surface to volume ratio of a set of parallel planes can assume any value by suitably tuning the spacing bebveen the planes. Similarly, the ratio of surface area to external volume i.e. the volume of space outside each sphere closer to that sphere than any other) of a lattice of spheres depends upon the separation between the spheres.)... 

Both handedness and enantiomorphy are extrinsic properties of the hand, because both depend on relations to external objects. Because of this dependence, enantiomorphy is an intrinsic relational property of pairs (or other collections) of asymmetric objects. 

Figure 1 Intrinsic and extrinsic properties governing the distribution and fate of a chemical in a pond environment.

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