Objectives of the reactor

Since the main-design features and safely objectives of the reactor have not been changed, a large part of the former work can be used directly for the reference design of the GT-MHR producing a power of 600 MWt. 

The objectives of the reactor surveys of the two Piles are somewhat different, since Pile 1 is to be dismantled whilst Pile 2 is to be retained intact for up to 40 years. However, there are common features and, in each case, a thorough survey of the state of the cores has been made. 

Ajou University developed AMBIDEXTER-NEC (Advanced Molten-salt Breakeven Inherently-safe Dual-function EXcellenTly-Ecological Reactor Nuclear Energy Complex). The objective of the reactor is to bum DUPlC fuel, minimize minor actinides production, and of course, generate electric power. To achieve the objectives, the AMBIDEXTER reactor core consists of two parts, a blanket and a seed. The blanket consists of only molten salt fuel (LeF-BeF2-(Th,U,Pu)F4), and the seed consists of the molten salt fuel and graphite moderator channel. The blanket area has very hard neutron spectrum, almost looks like fast reactor neutron spectium, and the seed area has a soft neutron spectium almost looks like PWR. Therefore, AMBIDEXTER can achieve low conversion ratio, about 0.298, ie, it is a burner reactor. The code developed to analyze AMBIDEXTER is called AMBIKIN2D. The code system consists of HELIOS, AMDEC, and AMBIKIN2D. 

The objective of the reactor tank ultrasonic inspection progriam is to detect I6SCC of HAZ of the tank weldments. The original welds were 100% radiographed during fabrication and installation. InitiaT ly, UT scope of 40% of all accessible welds was adopted for all SRS reactors to sample all critical weld areas. This would include 100% of all main vertical welds and about 33% of the tank circumferential and nozzle attachment welds. 

The objective of the reactor protection system is to trigger the safety actuation systems... 

J. Santucci and J. J. Taylor, Safety, Technical and Economic Objectives of the Electric Power Institute s didvancedTight-Water Reactor Programme, lAEA-SM-332/11.1, Proceedings of International Symposium on Advanced Nuclear Power Systems, Seoul, Korea, Oct. 1993. 

Some object-oriented systems also support the notion of subobjects. This faciUtates the representation of stmctural relationships. For example, the objects IMPELLER and LINING can be made subobjects of a REACTOR object, to represent the stmctural components of the reactor. 

Transient Studies in an Adiabatic Packed-Bed Reactor was the title of a publication by Berty et al (1972). This was in connection with thermal runaway of reactors. The pertinent subject will be discussed in a following chapter in which the interest is focused on how to avoid the onset of a runaway. Here the object of the experiment was to see what happens after a runaway has started. 

The first step is to define the objectives of the flow model, and to identify those flow aspects that are relevant for the performance of the reactor. Then, the engineer must identify and quantify the various times and space scales involved, as well as the geometry of the system. These actions allow the problem to be represented by a mathematical model. Creating this model accurately is the most crucial task in the flow modeling project. 

In a continuous reaction process, the true residence time of the reaction partners in the reactor plays a major role. It is governed by the residence time distribution characteristic of the reactor, which gives information on backmixing (macromixing) of the throughput. The principal objectives of studies into the macrokinetics of a process are to estimate the coefficients of a mathematical model of the process and to validate the model for adequacy. For this purpose, a pilot plant should provide the following ... 

The. statement goes on to acknowledge the contribution of the Reactor Safety Study (WASH-1400) to risk quantification but points out that safety goals were not the study objectives and that the uncertainties make it unsuitable for such a purpose. After pointing out that the death I f any individual is not "acceptable," it states two quantitative objectives ... 

In May 1988, a Level-1 PSA was undertaken as part of the general risk assessment at DOE facilities. Revision 0 was completed, and reviewed by BNL, DOE and contractors. The revised report was available July 1990 (Azarm, 1990). The broad objective of the HFBR PRA program is to enhance the safety and operational activities throughout the. remaining lifetime of the reactor... 

The objective of the chemical industry is to have robust and flexible chemical reactors. It should also be possible to reach large-scale production of new chemicals in a very short time. The available reactors should be able to produce a large variety of chemicals with high selectivity. To obtain this, we must not only understand how existing reactors work in detail but also develop new reactors. 

A main objective of the work of Hardt et al. was to study the influence of heat transfer on the achievable molar flux per unit reactor volume of the product species. They compared unstructured channels to channels containing micro fins such as shown in Figure 2.31. Heat transfer enhancement due to micro fins resulted in a different axial temperature profile with a higher outlet temperature in the reaction gas channel. Owing to this effect and by virtue of the temperature dependence... 

The optimization of heat transfer in a heat-exchanger reactor was also the objective of the work of TeGrotenhuis et al. [165]. Specifically, the exothermic water-gas shift (WGS) reaction ... 

The CEM Discover platform, introduced in 2001, offers a single-mode instrument based on the self-tuning circular waveguide technique (see Fig. 3.3). This concept allows for derivatization of the reactor to accommodate additional application-specific modules to address other common laboratory objectives. While the Discover ... 

Reactor experiments must be elaborated to fulfill the specific objective of the study. In addition to the experimental setup, a carefully considered program for sampling, handling and analysis is required. A laboratory reactor experiment needs a lot of planning—and also typically experience—to be successful. 

The example of a biofilm reactor setup shown in Figure 7.1 demonstrates how an experiment can be performed under controlled conditions (Raunkjaer et al., 1997). The objective of the study is to determine substrate (acetate) and DO surface removal rates of biofilms that were grown on wastewater. Careful control is needed to do so during conditions where both the substrate and the DO should be studied as limiting factors for the removal rates. A great number of specific details that will not be dealt with here were considered for this experiment. 

Optimization in the design and operation of a reactor focuses on formulating a suitable objective function plus a mathematical description of the reactor the latter forms a set of constraints. Reactors in chemical engineering are usually, but not always, represented by one or a combination of... 

When the objective of the modeling effort is to develop and validate a reaction mechanism, the major uncertainty in the model must reside in the detailed chemical kinetic mechanism. Under these conditions, the process must be studied either under transport-free conditions, e.g., in plug-flow or stirred-tank reactors, or under conditions in which the transport phenomena can be modeled very precisely, e.g., under laminar flow conditions. This way. 

One major objective of this feasibility was to assess the potential of acoustic chemometrics to monitor the general process state of the granulation reactor in order to give reliable early warning if a critical situation occurs in the bed. Critical situations in the fluidized bed are often a result of lump formation and/or layering on the perforated bottom plate of the reactor (see Figure 9.5). 

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