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The objectives of chemical reactor development

In this chapter the scene is set. It is supposed that chemical synthesis and kinetic experiments are followed by chemical reactor development. The objectives of chemical reactor development have to be put in the context of chemical industry. The ultimate goal is either the design of a new industrial reactor or the optimisation of an existing one. When all the details of a chemical reaction are known, additional information on physical transport phenomena is needed for the design of a chemical reactor. Also, the chemical reactor has to be considered as part of an industrial plant. This chapter gives a qualitative overview of the topics that are treated in the following chapters. [Pg.1]

This book is concerned with the practical and theoretical problems that arise when a chemical synthesis carried out in a laboratory has to serve as the basis for a process on an industrial scale. We can recognize two different situations here  [Pg.1]

In the first situation a completely new process has to be designed on the basis of experimental research with bench scale and pilot plant equipment. In the second situation the plant is already operating under certain conditions, but these may have to be changed in order to improve yields, to get a better product quality, or to reduce pollution. [Pg.1]

In both cases, the results of the laboratory experiments have to be extrapolated to the conditions in the industrial plant, which is usually much larger. We shall generally concentrate our attention on the first situation, the development of a new process. One of the essential problems here is the choice of the type of reactor that is to be used in the future plant, and the determination of its size. The problems encountered in the second situation are similar but less complicated, since the plant reactor is already there and experimental results from the plant are available. [Pg.1]

In any chemical process, the chemical reactor is the most essential piece of equipment, since here the synthesis of the desired product takes place. The production is undertaken on the assumption that there is a need for this product in the market place, that is to say that others want to buy this product for a particular price, and that the industrial production will be profitable. [Pg.1]


In summary, the objectives of chemical reactor development have both quantitive and qualitive aspects. The quantitative aspects are related to the overall rates of chemical reactions and transport processes, and have consequences for the size of the necessary equipment. The qualitative aspects are mainly related to the selectivities, and consequently to the rates of intermediate and side reactions, and to the local rates of transport processes in chemical reactors, as will be seen later. The need for higher qualities of both main products and waste products require a detailed understanding of the various phenomena that take place inside chemical reactors. Very often the relative importance of these phenomena increases with increasing scale of operation. [Pg.5]


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