Object-oriented Modeling LAnguage

ASCEND. This framework is by Westerberg and coworkers (Ref. 295) at Carnegie-Mellon University. It features an object-oriented modeling language and is well suited for constructing complex models. 

The description methods used for defining the information structure, veilidation, and test methods as well as implementation methods ate standardized. The object-oriented modeling language EXPRESS as wen as its graphical form EXPRESS-G are implemented for the presentation of the information structures (Scholz-Reiter 1991). Validation and test methods define the specifications with which the STEP processors are examined. The following elements are included in partial models of the generic resources ... 

The system models were implemented in the simulation environment Dymola [7] using the object-orientated modeling language Modelica [8]. 

As stated on the OMG (Object Management) website (http //www.omg. org/), a lack of data standards results in data conversions, loss of information, lack of interoperability, etc. Current standards du jour are XML (Extensible Markup Language) [17], LSID (Life Sciences Identifiers), and now the RDF (Resource Description Framework) from the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), which is extensible though hard to implement. Substantial work on OO (Object Oriented) modeling of life science data types takes place at the OMG s LSR (Life Sciences Research) group—this is discussed below. 

Andersson, M., An object-oriented modeling environment. In Simulation Methodologies, Languages and Architectures and AI and Graphics for Simulation (lazeolla et al eds.), 1989 European Simulation Multiconference, Rome, pp. 77-82. The Society for Computer Simulation International, 1989. 

Domain-specific knowledge is formalized by a process model definition (cf. Sect. 2.4) which constrains the process model instances to be maintained at project runtime. As a consequence, the manager may compose task nets from predefined types and relationships. The process model definition is represented in the Unified Modeling Language UML [560]), a wide-spread standard notation for object-oriented modeling. A process model is defined on the type level by a class diagram which has been adapted to the underlying process meta model for dynamic task nets [388, 389]. 

Object-oriented modeling is not based on a standardized method. Rather, a number of authors have developed similar or complementary approaches. The various graphical symbols they use for their approaches make comparisons difficult. The Unified Modeling Language (UML), introduced by... 

Because an object-oriented model brings together structure and behavior, much of the functionality required by applications to interact with application objects can be modeled inside the database itself. Nevertheless, most object-oriented database systems provide application program interfaces that allow a programming language to retrieve and manipulate objects. 

We note that these algebraic specifications in CafeObj were re-used because they provide a formal model that had already been validated to correctly represent the coimt algorithm. The transformation of the CafeObj models to an object oriented implementation language (like Java) follows well established methods[ll]. The coimt implementation that results from the CafeObj specifications has an important role to play in later verification of the final prototype where rhe count operates on encrypted votes and involves a single decryption of the result. 

The idea of multi-domain object-oriented modelling was formulated by Elmqvist (1978), who proposed a language called Dymola (Dynamic Modelling Language). In object-oriented modelling, objects, their boundaries and interconnections correspond with real existing equipment. Physical equations have to be established or understood only for each object. By connecting objects with each other, further model equations are introduced. 

A prototype system framework of PEEE has been developed using Java and Visual Basic as object-oriented programming languages, while SQE server and MS-Access are used as RDBMS for data repository for the plant model elements. Such prototype solution will enable all plant users to utilize a standard user interface to manipulate plant lifecycle data/information/knowledge. The prototype system can be used as the framework to develop CAPE-SAFE as well as other components within PEEE. 

The Object Constraint Language (OCL), a standard part of UML 1.1, is a specification language used in conjunction with UML models. It is an expression-based, side-effect-free language that eschews mathematical symbols (V, 3, and so on) for textual equivalents (forAII, exists). It uses a syntax more usual in object-oriented languages V x T, p(x) becomes T->forAII (x x.p). 

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