Nutraceuticals carotenoids

Based upon such reports, there is an increasing view that functional foods (nutraceuticals), in which carotenoid levels are high or modified qualitatively, would be beneficial to human health, especially with respect to degenerative... 

Faulks, R.M. and Southon, S., Carotenoids, metabohsm and disease, in Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2001. 

The aroma and red color of the spice saffron are partly due to the style-specific accumulation of carotenoid cleavage products produced by both enzymatic and thermal degradation. M. Giaccio reviewed the renewed interest in saffron as a colorant, spice, and nutraceutical. " Crocetin is a C20 apocarotenoid derived from zeaxanthin (Figure 5.3.4B). ... 

Genomic and molecular tools have made great impacts on plant biotechnology and offer potential for manipulation of carotenoids as natural colorants and also for applications in human and animal health. While microbial and other non-plant systems have been successfully used, plant modification eliminates need for expensive bioreactors and offers economically feasible opportunities for less developed nations for production of nutraceuticals and other chemical products. 

Seabuckthom (Hippophae rhamnoides) fruits, very rich in phytochemicals and demonstrated to be excellent sources of natural food colorants (carotenoids and flavonoids) are increasingly used as food ingredients and nutraceuticals... 

Miyashita, K. and Hosokawa, M. (2008). Beneficial health effects of seaweed carotenoid, fucoxanthin. In "Marine Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods", (C. Barrow and... 

Epidemiological studies have indicated that high consumption of vegetables and fruits rich in both flavonoids and carotenoids could reduce the risk of various cancers. Common fruits and vegetables contain approximately 40-50 carotenoids, and many of these could be selected as nutraceuticals with diverse functionalities [20]. 

There are an abundance of colorful and multifunctional phy to chemicals or nutraceuticals such as carotenoids, xanthophylls, flavonoids, and anthocyanins in nature. These colorful phytochemicals are present in our daily intake of fruits and vegetables, and sometimes from shrimp and sea fish. Additionally, the colorful phytochemicals are also distributed in processed foods such as juices, jams, teas, wines, infusions and decoctions, extracts, and other... 

Astaxanthin is a high-value carotenoid produced from microalgae that is produced commercially. Astaxanthin is ubiquitous in nature, especially in the marine environment, and is responsible for eliciting the pinkish-red hue to the flesh of salmonids, shrimp, lobster and crayfish. Cultivation methods have been developed to produce Haematococcus containing 1.5-3.0% astaxanthin by dry weight, with potential applications as a pigment source in aquaculture, poultry feeds and in the nutraceutical area. " ... 

Russell, R.M., Lycopene and lutein the next steps to the mixed carotenoids, in Nutraceuticals in Health and Disease Prevention, Kramer, K., Hoppe, P.-P, and Packer, L., Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 2001, chap. 6. 

Miyashita, K., Nishikawa, S., Beppu, F., Tsukui, T., Abe, M., and Hosokawa, M. (2011). The allenic carotenoid fucoxanthin, a novel marine nutraceutical from brown seaweeds. /. Sci. Food Agric. 91,1166-1174. 

Seaweeds are a good source of some water- (Bj, B2, B,2, C) and fat-soluble (P-carotene with vitamin A activity, vitamin E) vitamins. To ensure that the adequate intake of all vitamins is received in the diet, people (especially peopleon specialdiet, strict vegetarians, and vegans) can consume foods enriched with vitamins, for example, in the form of functional foods with vitamins as nutraceuticals, extracted from natural sources such as seaweeds. Seaweed vitamins are important not only due to their biochemical functions and antioxidant activity but also due to other health benefits such as decreasing of blood pressure (vitamin C), prevention of cardiovascular diseases (P-carotene), or reducing the risk of cancer (vitamins E and C, carotenoids). 

As mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, microalgal biomass contains not only oil but also a wide range of valuable ingredients, including carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polymers, peptides, vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, and so on. Some of them exhibit significant market potential whilst some have already achieved commercial success. Table 4.4 shows the health benefits of some of the main bioactive compounds. From a biorefinery point of view, the residual biomass after oil extraction may be used as food additives, nutraceuticals and animal feed. 

Nutraceuticals are nonspecific biological therapies used to promote wellness, prevent malignant processes, and control symptoms. It is a broad umbrella term used to describe any product derived from food soiuces that provides extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value foimd in foods. The definition of nutraceuticals and related products often depends on the soiuce. Phytochemicals and antioxidants are two specific types of nutraceuticals. It has been proved that phytochemicals found in foods may help to provide protection from diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension, for example, carotenoids found in carrots. Antioxidants may be helpful in avoiding chronic diseases, by preventing oxidative damage in body [8]. There are multiple different types of products that come imder the category of nutraceuticals ... 

---