Solids, nuclear magnetic resonance

Two books entitled SoHd-State NMR Techniques and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Cement-Based Materials , have been published. A number of reviews have appeared, entitled Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance , Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of non-integer spin nuclei , A... 

G. E. Pake, Nuclear magnetic resonance. Solid State Phys. 2, 1-92 (1956). 

Chapters 6 and 7 detail two very different applications of nuclear magnetic resonance. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance probes the local environment of atoms. As it probes short-range order, it is a powerful technique for studying, for example, the structure of the nanocrystalline calcium-silicate-hydrate phase, which makes up around half of the volume... 

In this chapter, three methods for measuring the frequencies of the vibrations of chemical bonds between atoms in solids are discussed. Two of them, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR, and Raman Spectroscopy, use infrared (IR) radiation as the probe. The third, High-Resolution Electron Enetgy-Loss Spectroscopy, HREELS, uses electron impact. The fourth technique. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR, is physically unrelated to the other three, involving transitions between different spin states of the atomic nucleus instead of bond vibrational states, but is included here because it provides somewhat similar information on the local bonding arrangement around an atom. 

Early, T.A. (2001) Article on Nuclear magnetic resonance in solids, in Encyclopedia of Materials, ed. Buschow, K.H.J. et al. (Elsevier, Amsterdam). 

Although it is required to refine the above condition I in actuality, this rather simple but impressive prediction seems to have much stimulated the experiments on the electrical-conductivity measurement and the related solid-state properties in spite of technological difficulties in purification of the CNT sample and in direct measurement of its electrical conductivity (see Chap. 10). For instance, for MWCNT, a direct conductivity measurement has proved the existence of metallic sample [7]. The electron spin resonance (ESR) (see Chap. 8) [8] and the C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [9] measurements have also proved that MWCNT can show metallic property based on the Pauli susceptibility and Korringa-like relation, respectively. On the other hand, existence of semiconductive MWCNT sample has also been shown by the ESR measurement [ 10], For SWCNT, a combination of direct electrical conductivity and the ESR measurements has confirmed the metallic property of the sample employed therein [11]. More recently, bandgap values of several SWCNT... 

Hydronium ion, HjO+, is a structural unit in solid perchloric acid hydrate, HCKVHjO, as shown by nuclear magnetic resonance studies. 

In the following, some examples of applications of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to the study of polymorphism in polymers are described. 

Solid state materials have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance methods over 30 years. In 1953 Wilson and Pake ) carried out a line shape analysis of a partially crystalline polymer. They noted a spectrum consisting of superimposed broad and narrow lines which they ascribed to rigid crystalline and amorphous material respectively. More recently several books and large articles have reviewed the tremendous developments in this field, particularly including those of McBrierty and Douglas 2) and the Faraday Symposium (1978)3) —on which this introduction is largely based. 

Hahn, E. L. Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Solids, in, Faraday Symposia of the Chemical Society, 13, 8 (1978)... 

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