Normative values

WHO ICCIDD. Recommended normative values for thyroid volume in children aged 6-15 years. Bull World Health Organ 1997 75 95-7. 

What is culture With an important qualification, I understand culture as any pattern of behavior, norms, values, beliefs, and concepts that is more than individual but less than universal. Culture is the realm of the particular. 

The "important qualification" is that a mere commonality of behavior, norms, values, beliefs, or concepts in a certain group does not by itself constitute a pattern of culture. In addition to these shared characteristics I require, as Charles Taylor (1971) says in a different context, that the sharing itself be shared. I require, that is, that the members of the group are aware of the fact that others hold similar norms, values or beliefs or that they can be expected to behave in a similar manner. Whether or not one also makes it part of the definition that each member is aware that others are aware of this fact, and so on, these higher-order beliefs can usually be assumed to obtain. 

There are a finite number of analytes that have been measured commercially for many years for the diagnosis of steroid synthetic and metabolic disorders. The discussion of analytes and methodologies below is restricted to these analytes, as listed in Table 5.3.1. This table summarizes the best quantitative normative values available at the time of writing. Accurate values of most steroids listed have been obtained by MS/MS quantitation using isotope-labeled internal standards. 

Corticosterone is a component of the steroid profile (see Hormonal Steroid Profiles , below) developed by Guo et al. [25]. The analysis uses positive APPI and a d8 corticosterone internal standard. MRM was conducted with the m/z 347—>121, and 355—>125 transitions, respectively. The lower detection limit (LOD) was 2 pg/ml. Quest Diagnostics offer MS/MS analysis of this steroid commercially and have published normative values, as listed in Table 5.3.1. Marwah et al. [56] have published a method for the quantitation of corticosterone in rat plasma using electrospray MS. MS/MS methods for deoxycorticosterone (DOC) have not been published. 

Food means more to consumers than a simple set of formulas. The way people look upon their food is based on certain norms, values, and traditions. The preparation of food, food habits, and food consumption are all part of a culture. These cultures are decisive in laying down rules on which occasions what kind of food is eaten. Food consumption patterns are imbedded in social and cultural life. Tliis is reflected by the fact that consumption patterns are different in different countries. 

Some of the mentioned trace elements have natural origins, others are the result of for example industries. The latter are only considered to be pollutants when their contents exceed a certain norm value. This subject is, however, beyond the scope of this book. 

Bode BW, Schwartz S, Stubbs HA, Block JE. Glycemic characteristics in continuously monitored patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes normative values. Diabetes Care 2005, 28, 2361-2366. 

Raithel HJ, Ebner G, Schaller KH. 1987. Problems in establishing norm values for nickel and chromium concentrations in human pulmonary tissue. Am J Ind Med 12 55-70. 

The authors [2] found, that in case of high density polyethylene (HDPE), modified by high disperse mixture Fe/FeO (Z), is observed strong extreme rise of stability to cracking expressed by the time up to fracture t50. So, if for the initial HDPE normative value Tsq.is equal to 10 hours, then for composition HDPE+Z with content Z Cz=0.05 mass.% the value t50 reaches 250 hours. The purpose of the present paper is the explanation of this important... 

The area 7 of a reflection (integral intensity) is obtained by / = /max,7c HWk/norm (the norm values are given with the above formulas and range from 0.637 to 0.939). Within one pattern with similar peak shapes relative integral intensities can approximately be calculated by the simple product Ima.x,k HWk. 

As described in previous sections, the standard method for treating durability in EN 206 and Eurocode 2 is based on the definition of the exposure class and determining for each class, the maximum w/c ratio, the minimum cement content and the minimum thickness of the concrete cover. EN 206 provides recommended (informative, that is non-normative) values for concrete composition in terms of maximum w/c ratio, minimum strength class and minimum cement content, assuming an intended working life of 50 y, the use of Portland cement (CEM I) and maximum aggregate size between 20 and 32 mm. In national documents these values and additional requirements can be further specified as normative values, as has been done for example in NEN 8005 (nl) for The Netherlands [12]. 

Bringing one s whole self to work is a process of self-definition. A key part of this involves our individual responsibility to understand our own cultural identity in other words, to learn how our connections to rituals, practices, and perspectives are products of our cultural experience as well as our individual history (Ferdman, 1995). To what degree am I aware of how much my taken-for-granted assumptions about what is appropriate and normal are culturally grounded And to what extent and in what ways am I able to express this awareness and these cultural connections For example, I may have certain beliefs about privacy and individual expression— whether inside or outside of work—that come from the norms, values, and practices common in my identity groups. Or I may have views about the appropriateness of discussing one s... 

Here, weights are demands of customers. Weights can also be number of trips, shipments etc. A special case of this problem is when rectilinear distance (known as Li norm) values are used. The rectilinear distance between the new facility and a demand point is found by ... 

Chapter 3, by Kathryn Mearns, widens the perspective from governance to the role of safety and risk culture in regulatory practice. Her emphasis is on the norms, values, and beliefs that govern institutional and individual responses to risk and crisis management. In accordance with the two preceding chapters, she advocates... 

The minimum of the Tikhonov functional is achieved with the optimal value of the a regularisation parameter a = 9A x 10, while the residual norm value was 1.07x1This method allows the variation of the error value in the integral equation core selection process. However, as the model core was the Schulz-Flory function, the error h was assumed to be h 0. 

If regulation is to be viewed as action in pursuit of normative values, the next question to be asked is what these values might be, or whether they are a contingent black hole into which political preferences can be slotted (Prosser 2006 377). Many accounts of regulation frame the process in procedural terms, as a way of fulfilling legislative... 

Another way to think about safety culture might be to start by setting aside, at least for a short time, the very idea of a safety culture and begin instead with the idea that complex organisations are characterised by a multitude of shared meanings, norms, values and beliefs that are manifest in and recursively recreated... 

Monitor indicators reflect the potential and capacity of the organisation to perform safely. The indicators monitor the functioning of the system. These indicators seek to measure the internal dynamics of the sociotechnical system and provide information on the activities of the system. Information should be provided not only about safety management initiatives but also about the persoimel, work processes, stractures and technology in the system. Cultural issues such as norms, values and shared practices should also be incorporated into monitor indicators. Figure 9.2 illustrates the ways in which safety indicators can be used to provide information to support safety management. 

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