Nonionic surfactant hydrotrope

Applications. As medium foaming/hydrotropic surfactants, PEs can be used in detergent cleansing applications with the short chain alkyl esters being effective hydrotropes for nonionic surfactants. Application of PEs in detergents is relatively limited, due to their cost compared to a sulphate/sulphonate, or non-ionic but long chain diesters can be used as effective de-foamers in anionic systems. 

Phosphate esters possess strong tolerance to electrolytes and alkalis. Their wetting properties are independent of the pH and, therefore, are used as surfactant components in both alkaline and acid cleaners (5). Their detergent properties are considered equal to nonionic surfactants, and they have excellent temperature stability. In their acid form, phosphate esters are moderately strong acids and, when neutralized to pH 5-8, have low order of toxicity. Phosphate esters are considered to be hydrotrope agents and are biodegradable. 

Blute, I., Effect of hydrotropes on nonionic surfactant/water system. Phase and rheological behavior, manuscript in preparation. 

Several prespotter formulations are disclosed in the patent literature. Acidic compositions that contain a mixture of nonionic surfactants and hydrotropes [163], thickened alkaline products with hypohalite bleaches [164,165], and enzyme-containing formulas [ 166] have all been developed for use as prespotters. Although... 

Intrex. [Rhone-Poulenc Ltd.] Organic complex of phosphonic acid hydrotrope for stabilizing nonionic surfactants in alkaline-based formulations. 

CAS 27593-14-2 EINECS/ELINCS 248-551-8 Uses Surfactant for alkaline cleaning formulas hydrotrope to couple nonionic surfactants into high electrolyte systems, e.g., in highly built cleaners... 

Synonyms POE (7) hydrogenated castor oil Definition PEG deriv. of hydrogenated castor oil with avg. 7 moles of EO Properties Nonionic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Surfactant, hydrotrope, emulsifier, softener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals Trade Name Synonyms Arlacel 989 [Uniqema] Cremophor WO 7 [BASF http //wvw.basf.com, BASF AG http //www.basf.de], Croduret 7 Special [Croda Chem. Ltd http //www.croda.co.uk, Croda Oleochems.] Dehymuls HRE 7 [Cognis/Care Chems. Cognis KGaA/Care Chems.] Emalex HC-7 [Nihon Emulsion http //www.mhon-emulsion.co.jp]... 

From the virtual smorgasbord of hydrotropes that are available, products from the cationic (quatemized fatty amine ethoxylates) and amphoteric families can be combined with nonionic surfactants to produce water-based formulations for the cleaning or degreasing of hard surfaces. 

For the sake of clarity, the reference solution containing the nonionic surfactant and the builders (no hydrotrope) was dispersed mechanically before application to the panels. Regardless of the builder used, the quatemized fatty amine ethoxylate (Berol 563) enhances the soil removal. 

Figure 18.7. The cloud points for solutions with 1 % nonionic surfactant and hydrotrope, respectively. The following surfactants have been used ( ) C6EO2 (A) C11EO5 ( ) C13EO6. (Redrawn from data from Matero et ai, J. Surf. Del, 1, 485-489 (1998), The American Oil Chemists Society)...

Surfactant solubilization in liquid cleaners may be limited due to a high concentration of the surfactant or a high amount of electrolytes present in the formulations. In order to enhance the solubility and to increase the cloud point for nonionic-based systems, hydrotropes are often added. This phenomenon has already been pointed out in Section 3.5 above, where the cloud points of solutions with nonionic surfactants were elevated upon the addition of alkyl polyglucosides (16). Hydrotropic activity can be evaluated by determining the amount of hydrotrope required to clarify a cloudy solution or the cloud point elevation obtained for a specific concentration of a hydrotrope. The efficacy of hydrotropes varies for different classes of compounds. This has been observed for short-chain alkylbenzene and alkylnaph-thalene sulfonates when added to a number of detergent formulations (21). The alkylnaphthalene sulfonates were found to be more efficient than the alkylbenzene sulfonates in elevating the cloud point. 

Aqueous solutions of hydrotropes have proven to be powerful systems for preparing vesicles. In this case, the vesicle-forming compound has been mixed with water and the hydrotrope, and dilution with water resulting in the vesicles (33). Vesicles formed by the nonionic surfactant Laureth 4 (Brij 30) from an aqueous solution of sodium xylene sulfonate (SXS) were more stable and smaller than vesicles prepared from the suspension of the lamellar liquid crystal in water. 

Part Two, Surfactants, contains chapters on the four major classes of surfactants, i.e. anionics, nonionics, cationics and zwitterionics, as well as chapters on polymeric surfactants, hydrotropes and novel surfactants. The physico-chemical properties of surfactants and properties of liquid crystalline phases are the topics of two comprehensive chapters. The industrially important areas of surfactant-polymer systems and environmental aspects of surfactants are treated in some detail. Finally, one chapter is devoted to computer simulations of surfactant systems. 

Potassium pyrophosphate Sodium metasihcate Potassium sihcate, hquid Nonionic surfactants Anionic surfactant Coupling agent, hydrotrope Filler... 

W02012/069730A1, Seppic, Novel hydrotropic agent, use therof to make nonionic surfactants soluble, and compositions containing same . 

Low-foaming hydrotrope for nonionic surfactants used in liquid or powder alkaline cleaners. 

MONATROPE 1250 is a highly versatile, low foaming surfactant hydrotrope which is very effective in formulating alkaline built liquid detergent concentrates. It is an excellent coupling agent for nonionic and other surfactants in high concentrations of electrolytes. MONATROPE 1250 is not recommended for use in low pH acidic systems. 

Acid form of complexed phosphate esters. Excellent hydrotropes for nonionic surfactants in alkali cleaners emulsifiers for agricultural emulsion systems, emulsion polymerization and oil emulsification, lubricants, corrosion inhibitors. 

TRITON QS-44 is an anionic surfactant and a unique hydrotrope that is especially useful in combination with nonionic surfactants in alkaline cleaning baths. It functions effectively without a co-surfactant in many applications requiring highly alkaline conditions. 

Betaines have hydrotropic properties, helping to solubilize ethoxylated nonionic surfactants in the presence of salting-out ions. Betaines are especially noild to skin and have the ability to improve the skin tolerance against irritating anionic surfactants. 

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