Nonionic poly

Lignites and lignosulfonates can act as o/w emulsifiers, but generally are added for other purposes. Various anionic surfactants, including alkylarylsulfonates and alkylaryl sulfates and poly(ethylene oxide) derivatives of fatty acids, esters, and others, are used. Very Httle oil is added to water-base muds in use offshore for environmental reasons. A nonionic poly(ethylene oxide) derivative of nonylphenol [9016-45-9] is used in calcium-treated muds (126). 

Baleux B. Colorimetric determination of nonionic, poly(oxyethylene) surface-active agents using an iodine-iodide solution. CR Acad Sci Sci Chim 1972 274 1617. 

V. Schmitt, C. Cattelet, and F. Leal-Calderon Coarsening of Alkane-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Nonionic Poly(Oxyethylene) Surfactants The Role of Molecular Permeation and Coalescence. Langmuir 20, 46 (2004). 

The use of sc C02 instead of toluene as a solvent leads to some rate enhancement in these two systems, although it is clear that this activity is still not practical for most nonpolar, nonvolatile substrates. Significant improvements to the biphasic water/supercritical C02 system were accomplished by forming H20/C02 emulsions using newly developed surfactants (Jacobson et al., 1999). Three different surfactants were used that form water in C02 (w/c) or C02 in water (c/w) emulsions (1) anionic surfactant perfluoropolyether ammonium carboxylate, (2) cationic Lodyne 106A, and (3) nonionic poly(butylene oxide)-h-poly(ethylene oxide). The low interfacial tension, y, between water and C02 (17 mNm-1 at pressures above 70 bar), which is significantly lower than water/alkane systems (30-60 mNm-1),... 

Both hydrophilic and lipophilic surfactants can be used to stabilize the polymeric nanoparticles. Generally the lipophilic surfactant is a natural lecithin of relatively low phosphotidylcholine content, whereas the hydrophilic one is synthetic anionic (lauryl sulfate), cationic (quaternary ammonium), or more commonly nonionic [poly(oxyethylene)-poly(propylene)glycol]. Nanoparticles can be prepared in the absence of surfactants, but there are lots more chances to get aggregated during storage. 

The dynamic mechanical behavior of 4% aqueous solutions and networks of nonionized poly(fV,iV -diethylacrylamide) and copolymers of DEAAm with MNa (molar ratio Xmnb = 0-0.5) swollen in water was measured [30] in the temperature range 20-80 °C. Two types of experiments were carried out with solutions and gels (a) measurement of temperature dependences of G and G" at constant heating rate 1 °C/min (b) measurement of time dependences of G and G" in the time interval 0-100 min at jumps of temperatures the measurement started at To = 25 °C, and at time r = 10 min the temperature was raised jumpwise from F to F = 52,60, TO and 80 °C for networks and solutions with Xmnb = 0, 0.01, 0.025 and 0.05. At r = 70 min, the temperature was decreased jumpwise from F to F = 25 °C. 

Detailed studies were performed on the copper-catalyzed suspension or emulsion polymerizations.249 Living or controlled emulsion radical polymerization of nBMA can be achieved in the presence of nonionic poly(oxyethylene)-based surfactants such as Brij 97, Brij 98, and Tween 20 with the F21 (X = Br)/CuBr/ L-3 or L-4 system.249,251,252 The Mn increased in direct proportion to monomer conversion up to 5 x 104 (MJ Mn = 1.1 —1.2). The particle sizes are around 1000— 4000 nm, suggesting a suspension, but can be reduced to about 300 nm with the use of hexadecane as a cosurfactant along with ultrasonication.249 252... 

Mixed solutions of cationic surfactants and nonionic poly(ethylene glycol) or block copolymers were employed for the synthesis of monolithic trimodal porous silica.[176] Lyotropic mixtures of block copolymers of different lengths with hydrophilic linear PEO chains were also applied to their nanocasting into bimodal micro-mesoporous silica to formulate the dependence of the mesopore sizes and the microporosity on the lengths or sizes of the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic blocks, but the mesostructures were worm-type in morphology and several hundred nanometers or more in size. 

Nonionic Poly(oxyethylene) alcohol Alkylphenol ethoxylate... 

The potential of microemulsions for organometaUic-catalyzed hydrogenations in water/scC02 biphasic systems has been assessed using the rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation of styrene as a common test reaction [Eq. (7)] [31]. The water-soluble Wilkinson complex [RhCl(TPPTS)3] was applied as catalyst precursor together with anionic perfluoropolyether carboxylates, cationic Lodyne A, or nonionic poly-(butene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) surfactants. The interfacial tension is small in the presence of the supercritical fluid and small amounts of surfactant (0.1-2.0 wt.%) suffice to form stable microemulsions. The droplet diameter of the microemulsions varied between 0.5 and 15 pm and a surface area of up to 10 m was obtained. 

CH2 Chang, Y., Chen, W.-Y., Yandi, W., Shih, Y.-J., Chu, W.-L., Liu, Y.-L., Chu, C.-W., Ruaan, R.-C., and Higuchi, A., Dual-thermoresponsive phase behavior of blood compatible zwitterionic copolymers containing nonionic poly(A-isopropyl-acrylamide). Biomacromolecules, 10, 2092, 2009. 

The ability of some low-molecular-weight nonionic siloxane surfactant aqueous solutions to rapidly spread over a variety of hydrophobic surfaces, such as polyethylene and paraffin wax, has been known for a long time. It is now clearer that this intriguing and useful property is confined to the branched heptamethyltrisiloxane (Me3SiO)2MeSi hydrophobe, but not limited to the nonionic poly(oxyethylene) hydrophile for example, superwetting cationic quaternary ammonium salts have been identified. It is also evident that this is a... 

Chem. Descrip. PEG 600 CAS 25322-68-3 EINECS/ELINCS 229-859-1 Uses Chemical intennediate for prod, of surfactants for cleaners, textiles, paper, cosmetics, personal care prods., rubber mold releases, printing inks and dy, metalworking fluids, foods, paints, paper, wood prods., adhesives, agric., ceramics, elec, equip., petrol, prods., photographic prods., resins earner for pharmaceuticals Pre terties APHA 25 max. liq. m.w. 600 sol. in water, acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, toluene sp.gr. 1.127 dens. 9.4 Ib/gal vise. 10.5 cs (99 C) f.p. 20-25 C flash pt. 246 C (COC) pour pt. 19-24 C nonionic Poly-G 1000 [BASF/Perf. Chems.)... 

CAS 9002-89-5 EINECS/ELINCS 209-183-3 Uses Polyvinyl alcohol for producing firm finishes on cellulose fabrics Properties Liq. nonionic Poly-Solv DM [Arch Chems./Specialty Polyols]... 

Park, T. G. Hoffman, A. S. (1993) Sodium chloride-induced phase transition in nonionic poly(V-isopropylacrylamide) gel. Macromolecules, 26, 5045-8. 

The lyotropic liquid crystals have been studied as a separate category of liquid crystals since they are mostly composed of amphiphilic molecules and water. The lyotropic liquid-crystal structures exhibit the characteristic phase sequence from normal micellar cubic (IJ to normal hexagonal (Hi), normal bicontinuous cubic (Vi), lamellar (1 ), reverse bicontinuous cubic (V2), reverse hexagonal (H2), and reverse micellar cubic (I2). These phase transitions can occur, for instance, when increasing the apolar volume fraction [9], or decreasing the polar volume fraction of the amphiphilic molecule, for example, poly(oxyethylene) chain length in nonionic poly(oxyethylene) alkyl (oleyl) or cholesteryl ether-based systems (10, 11). 

A linear behavior between k and n was found for n-alkylbenzenes eluted with pure micellar eluents of the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and nonionic poly[oxyethylene(10 or 23)]dodecanol (Brij 22 or Brij 35), and with hybrid eluents containing SDS or CTAB and 2-propanol. The homologues of n-alkylphenones eluted with pure and hybrid mobile phases of CTAB showed the same behavior, but linear relationships were observed between log k and nc for these compounds eluted with SDS mobile phases, the same type of correlation found in aqueous-organic systems. It seems that the... 

Some physical properties of nonionic poly(acrylamide) are listed in Table 1. The tacticity and hnearity of the polymer chain is claimed to be dependent on... 

The Tg of anionic poly(acrylic acid) [eg poly(sodium acrylate)] is substantially higher (251°C) than that of nonionic poly(acrylic acid) (102°C) because of the strong intermolecular forces due to ionomeric clustering. Physical/mechanical properties (eg, moduli) are also generally higher for salts vs free acids in the bulk phase. Atactic and syndiotactic salts of acrylic acid are water-soluble, but isotactic forms are not. Salts of poly(acrylic acid) show characteristic polyelectrolyte solution behavior (6). 

Balomenou I, Bokias G (2005) Water-soluble complexes between cationic surfactants and comb-type copolymers consisting of an anionic backbone and hydrophilic nonionic poly(N, N-dimethylacrylamide) side chains. Langmuir 21 9038-9043. doi 10.1021/la0503505... 

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