Copolymers, comb-type

Maruyama, A., Watanabe, H., Ferdous, A., Katoh, M, Ishihara, T. and Akaike, T. (1998) Characterization of interpolyelectrolyte complexes between double- stranded DNA and polylysine comb-type copolymers having hydrophilic side chains. Biocmjug. Chem., 9, 292-299. 

Synthesis of poly(L-lysine)-grafted hyaluronic acid (PLL-g-HA) comb-type copolymers has recently been described. HA chains were covalently coupled at the E-amino groups of polylysine by reductive amination reaction (66). These PLL-g-HA derivatives were shown to form complexes with plasmid DNA. The complex showed stability against nuclease degradation and was internalized by liver cells (67-70). 

Maruyama A, Takei Y. Synthesis of polyampholyte comb-type copolymers consisting of poly(L-lysine) backbone and hyaluronic acid side chains for DNA carrier. Methods Mol Med 2001 65 1-9. 

Choi, S. W., Makita, N., Inoue, S. et al. 2007. Cationic comb-type copolymers for boosting DNA-fueled nanomachines. Nano Lett. 7 172-178. 

Kim, W. J., Akaike, T., and Maruyama, A. 2002. DNA strand exchange stimulated by spontaneous complex formation with cationic comb-type copolymer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 12676-12677. 

Choi, S.W., Sato, Y., Akaike, T., Maruyama, A. Preparation of cationic comb-type copolymer having guanidino moieties and its interaction with DNAs. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 15, 1099-1110 (2004). doi 10.1163/1568562041753089... 

Balomenou I, Bokias G (2005) Water-soluble complexes between cationic surfactants and comb-type copolymers consisting of an anionic backbone and hydrophilic nonionic poly(N, N-dimethylacrylamide) side chains. Langmuir 21 9038-9043. doi 10.1021/la0503505... 

Matralis A, Sotiropoulou M, Bokias G, Staikos G (2006) Water-soluble stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes based on cationic comb-type copolymers. Macromol Chem Phys 207 1018-1025. doi 10.1002/macp.200600803... 

Comb-type and linear block copolymer systems with enzymatically synthesized amylose have been reported and are outlined in the following section. 

In all cases, the authors could successfully elongate the attached oligosaccharide structures using enzymatic polymerization, the product being comb-type block copolymers with amylose. 

Banaszczyk, M.G., Lollo, C.P., Kwoh, D.Y., Phillips, AT, Amini, A, Wu,O.P., Mullen, P.M., Coffin, C.C., Brostoff, S.W. and Carlo, D.J. (1999) Poly-L-lysine-graft-PEG comb-type polycation copolymers for gene delivery. J. Macromol. Sci., Pure Appl. Chem., A36, 1061-1084. 

A macromonomer technique was employed by Ishizu and Kuwahara to prepare miktoarm star copolymers of the (PS) (PI)m type.128 PS and PI macromonomers were prepared by coupling the living chains with />chloromethylstyrene. The PS and PI macromonomers (vinyl end-capped chains) were copolymerized anionically in benzene using n-BuLi as initiator. The products are comb-shaped copolymers, but they behave as miktoarm stars of the type A Bm. The reaction sequence is given in Scheme 58. 

Asayama S, Muruyama A, Cho CS, Akaike T. Design of comb-type polyamine copolymers for a novel pH-sensitive DNA carrier. Bioconjugate Chem 1997 8(6) 833—838. 

Figure 6.19 Thermomechanical curves of comb-type methylcyclosiloxane copolymers. Where curve 1 copolymer XXXIX, curve 2 XXXVIII, curve 3 XXXVII and curve 4 XXXVI.

Figure 6.20 Diffraction patterns of comb-type methylsiloxane copolymers with phenylcyclo-trisiloxane fragments in the side chain. Where curve 1 copolymer XIX,...

In the modification reaction using the reaction of hydrosilylation, the authors successfully used trimethylsiloxy end blocked methylhydridesiloxanes [38, 39]. By hydride addition of unsaturated organic compounds, allyl glycidyl ether [40,41], allyl alcohol [42,43] or dicyclopentadiene [39,44] to methylhydridesiloxanes in the presence of a catalyst, comb-type methylsiloxane copolymers has been obtained. 

The synthesised copolymers are light-yellow liquid or solid systems, depending on the length of dimethylsiloxane chain, dissolve well in ordinary organic solvents, with tl p of 0.05-0.07. The structure and composition of synthesised copolymers was determined by means of elementary analysis, by IR and NMR spectra data. Some physical-chemical properties of comb-type methylsiloxane copolymers with carbocyclosiloxane fragments in the side chain are presented in Table 6.12. 

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