Nitrous oxide aerosol propellant

Users should also avoid inhaling directly from a nitrous oxide aerosol can. Some users have died as a consequence of freezing the throat area because the heat is absorbed as the gas expands. Freon, a similar molecule used as an aerosol propellant, does not have nitrous oxide effects. 

Aerosol formulations, dilute pesticide formulations containing a volatile component (usually a fluoromethane, carbon dioxide, propane, or nitrous oxide) that propels the pesticide in fine droplets, are widely used in the home and garden. However, apprehension about ozone depletion in the stratosphere has led to the interdiction of many of the fluorocarbons so current aerosols employ largely carbon dioxide and propane. 

Propellants. The propellant, said to be the heart of an aerosol system, maintains a suitable pressure within the container and expels the product once the valve is opened. Propellants may be either a Hquefied halocarbon, hydrocarbon, or halocarbon—hydrocarbon blend, or a compressed gas such as carbon dioxide (qv), nitrogen (qv), or nitrous oxide. 

Considerable developmental effort is being devoted to aerosol formulations using the compressed gases given in Table 4. These propellants are used in some food and industrial aerosols. Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, which tend to be more soluble, are often preferred. When some of the compressed gas dissolves in the product concentrate, there is partial replenishment of the headspace as the gas is expelled. Hence, the greater the gas solubiUty, the more gas is available to maintain the initial conditions. 

A small but important use of ammonium nitrate is in the production of nitrous oxide during the 1980s consumption for this purpose averaged about 30,000 t. The gas is generated by controlled heating of ammonium nitrate above 200°C. Nitrous oxide is used primarily as an anesthetic and as an aerosol propellant for food products (see Anesthetics Aerosols). 

A man habitually enjoyed the euphoric effects of inhaling whiffs of nitrous oxide in seclusion, and kept a cylinder of the gas in his sedan for that purpose. He decided to spray the faded car seats with an aerosol can of vinyl dressing (propanc/butanc propellant) with the windows closed. Then he had a whiff of gas from the briefly opened cylinder, and settled back to enjoy the euphoria and a cigarette. He was lucky to survive the resulting explosion of the fuel/oxidant mixture in a closed vessel [2],... 

A number of compressed and liquified gases are used as refrigerants and aerosol propellants. These include nitrous oxide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, propane, and butane. The use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) is restricted because of environmental pollution leading to health hazards. These have been replaced by hydrogenated fluorocarbons (HFCs), which are less likely to cause environmental pollution. 

Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is a colorless gas. It has a slightly sweet odor and taste and is somewhat soluble in water. It supports combustion of most substances almost as well as oxygen. Since the 1840 s the major use of nitrous oxide has been as an anesthetic - especially by dentists. It is also used as a propellant in some aerosol cans, in atomic absorption spectrophotometry, in cryosurgery and in racecar engines to provide extra power and acceleration. 

Nitrous oxide, N2O, is commonly used as a mild dental anesthetic and propellant for aerosols on atmospheric decomposition, it yields its innocuous parent gases and is therefore an environmentally acceptable substitute for chlorofluorocarbons. On the other hand, N2O contributes to the greenhouse effect and is increasing in the atmosphere. Nitric oxide, NO, is an effective coordinating ligand its function in this context is discussed in Chapter 13. It also has many biological functions, discussed in Chapter 16. 

Carbon dioxide and other compressed gases such as nitrogen and nitrous oxide are used as propellants for topical pharmaceutical aerosols. They are also used in other aerosol products that work satisfactorily with the coarse aerosol spray that is produced with compressed gases, e.g., cosmetics, furniture polish, and window cleaners. ... 

A compressed gas used to expel the contents of containers in the form of aerosols. Chlorofluorocarbons were once widely used because of their nonflammability. The strong possibility that they contribute to depletion of the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere has resulted in prohibition of their use for this purpose. Other propellants used are hydrocarbon gases, such as butane and propane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. The materials dispersed include insecticides, shaving cream, whipping cream,andcosmeticpreparations. See ozone (note). 

N2O. Nitrous oxide, or dinitrogen oxide, is also a colorless gas at room temperature. Its principal uses are as an anaesthetic and as an aerosol propellant, but it is not a major industrial chemical. It is generally produced (in a lab or industrial setting) by the carefully controlled thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) ... 

Write the empirical formulas for the following molecules (a) acetylene (C2H2), which is used in welding torches (b) glucose (C6Hi20g), a substance known as blood sugar and (c) nitrous oxide (N2O), a gas that is used as an anesthetic gas ( laughing gas ) and as an aerosol propellant for whipped creams. 

There is another class of aerosols, known as single phase aerosols, in which the propellant is a compressed inert gas, for example carbon dioxide, nitrogen and nitrous oxide. With this type of pack a high pressure is used initially (90-150 lb/in2) since the internal pressure diminishes as the container is emptied. A single phase aerosol is more acceptable as a foam dispenser for toothpaste and hand cream than a spray pack, but if used inverted all the gas will be released quickly (unless it is specifically designed to be used inverted) and the product will remain with no means of dispensing it. 

The mechanisms involved in this agglomeration are different in the four types of whipped products, and the fat globule membrane appears to have a different structure at the time of whipping. The propellant of choice in aerosol products is nitrous oxide. The solubility of this gas in the fat phase of the products is thought to provide the primary basis for disruption of the fat globule membrane and resultant fat globule agglomeration. 

There are a large number of propellant-product combinations. Common propellants include halocarbons (although the use of CFCs is widely abandoned), compressed air, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, butane, and propane. Aerosols are used in industrial applications and consumer articles to dispense or apply cosmetics and perfumes, paints and coatings, medicines and drugs, starches, pesticides, disinfectants, deodorants, and many other materials. 

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is also known as laughing gas because a person becomes giddy after inhaling a small amount. This colorless gas was the first substance used as a general anesthetic. It is used as the compressed gas propellant in several aerosols and foams, such as in whipped cream. It can be prepared in the laboratory by carefully heating ammonium nitrate to about 200 °C ... 

Dinitrogen monoxide (N2O), more commonly called nitrous oxide or laughing gas, has an inebriating effect and has been used as a mild anesthetic by dentists. Because of its high solubility in fats, nitrous oxide is widely used as a propellant in aerosol cans of whipped cream. It is dissolved in the liquid inside the can at high pressure and forms bubbles that produce foaming as the liquid is released from the can. A significant... 

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