Dinitrogen monoxide

7 Nitric acid and nitric acid anhydride (N2O5) 

The nitric acid molecule is perfectly planar. The N-O single bond distance is identical to our reference value. The NO double bond distance is equal to our reference NO double bond distance in HNO. 

The structure of nitric acid is retained in the crystalline phase. The anhydride, however, crystallizes as an ionic compound, nitryl nitrate or (N02)+(N03) . The nitryl cation, which is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide, is linear. The nitrate ion which, is valence shell isoelectronic with sulfur trioxide, is trigonal planar. 

Problem 20.6 The NO bond distance in the nitryl cation is 4 pm shorter than in the neutral NO2 molecule, while the bond distance in the nitrate anion is equal to that in the neutral molecule. Can these differences be explained in terms of the molecular orbital model  

The three atoms in N2O are connected in the sequence NNO and the molecule is linear. See Fig. 20.9. The NN bond distance is about 3 pm longer than in the N2 molecule and about 12 pm shorter than the prototype NN double bond in HN=NH. The NO bond distance is 2 pm shorter than our reference value for a double NO bond distance. 

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Chemical Designations - Synonyms. Dinitrogen monoxide Chemical Formula-. NjO. 

Dinitrogen monoxide reductase, 6, 727 Dinuclear compounds symmetrical nomenclature, 1,122 unsymmetrical nomenclature, 1,123 Dioctylamine... 

Dinitrogen monoxide, N,0, reacts with water to form hyponitrous acid, H,N202(aq), in a Lewis acid-base reaction. 

Hydrogenation catalyst, Acid, Fuel Riesthuis, P. et al., J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., 1997, 10(10), 67 In the presence of precious metal hydrogenation catalyst, hydroxylamine salts may disproportionate and form dinitrogen monoxide. Such a mixture is present in a process whereby the hydroxyamine is formed by hydrogenation of nitrate. An explosion in the degassing line, after a period of abnormal operation, was attributed to nitrous oxide build-up. Fuel, in the form of hydrogen and methane diluent, was already present. 

MRH Dinitrogen monoxide 6.99/84, dinitrogen trioxide 9.25/75, nitrogen oxide 9.71/78, nitrous acid 7.11/79... 

G. I. Panov, A. S. Kharitonov, and V. I. Sobolev, Oxidative hydroxylation using dinitrogen monoxide a possible route for organic synthesis over zeolites, Appl. Catal. A 98, 1 (1992). 

O In basic solution, ammonia, NH3, can be oxidized to dinitrogen monoxide, N2O. 

Synonyms Laughing gas nitrogen oxide dinitrogen monoxide... 

You can attach the prefixes in Table 6-2 to any of the elements in a molecular compound, as exemplified by SO3 (sulfur trioxide) and N2O (dinitrogen monoxide). The second element in each compound receives the -ide suffix, as in ionic compounds (which we discuss earlier in this chapter). In the case of molecular compounds, where cations or anions aren t involved, the more electronegative element (in other words, the element that s closer to the upper right-hand corner of the periodic table) tends to be named second. 

A. Dinitrogen monoxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and dichlorine octoxide. Notice that none of these compounds contain any metals, which means that they re most certainly molecular compounds. The first compound contains two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, so it s called dinitrogen monoxide. The second compound contains one sulfur and six fluorines. Because sulfur is the first named element, you don t need to include a mono- prefix. You simply name the compound sulfur hexafluoride (rather than monosulfur hexafluoride ). Using the same methods, the third compound is named dichlorine octoxide. 

While reduction beyond nitrite requires the synthesis of nitrite reductases, there is one case (from E. coli) where the nitrate reductase is suggested to reduce nitrite to dinitrogen monoxide.1513... 

While this formally may follow assimilatory (to NH3) or dissimilatory (to N2) pathways, it is becoming clear that a number of non-denitrifiers are also able to produce dinitrogen monoxide by reduction of nitrite.1513,1514 Furthermore, reduction of nitrite to ammonia by one pathway (the NADPH-sulfite reductase) does not appear to be an assimilatory process, but rather one in which catabolic reducing equivalents are removed. 

The reduction of nitrite by Klebsiella pneumoniae gives 5% N20 and 95% NH4+. Mutants defective in the reduction of nitrite to ammonium ions produced dinitrogen monoxide at rates comparable to the parent strain. This suggests that the nitrite reductase giving N20 was distinct from that producing NH4+.1535... 

Copper-deficient cells of Ps. perfectomarinus give N20 rather than dinitrogen from nitrite. This has led to the interesting suggestion that the dinitrogen monoxide reductase is a copper protein,15361537 but it appears that the properties of the copper protein differ from those of the dinitrogen monoxide reductase.1538 The copper protein may well lie on the electron-transfer pathway to the N20 reductase. 

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