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Nitrofuran drugs

Fig. 5.18 A, furan B, 5-nitrofurfiiral C-F, nitrofuran drugs respectively C, nitrofiirazone, D, nitrofurantoin, E, furazolidone and F, furaltadone. Fig. 5.18 A, furan B, 5-nitrofurfiiral C-F, nitrofuran drugs respectively C, nitrofiirazone, D, nitrofurantoin, E, furazolidone and F, furaltadone.
Type 1 are 02-insensitive six-electron reductases that catalyze the sequential reduction of nitroarenes to nitroso, hydroxylamino, and amino arenes. They are encoded in E. coli by NfsA for the major enzyme and NfsB for the minor (Rau and Stolz 2003), and are also important in establishing resistance to nitrofuran drugs (Koziarz et al. 1998). [Pg.162]

A variety of methods were developed for the identification and determination of the antimicrobial nitrofurans. They include LC, colorimetric and polarographic methods. Nitrofurans could be determined in animal tissues by extraction with acetonitrile, SPE and LC-UVD533. An LC-UVD method was statistically validated for the determination of nitrofuran drug residues in poultry534. [Pg.1139]

The arsenal of antibacterials available for the treatment of infectious diseases has expanded exponentially since then. Currently, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the repertoire includes the (J-lactams (e.g. 3) sulfa drugs (e.g. 4) macrolides (e.g. 5, erythromycin A), nitrofuran drugs (e.g. 6, furazolidone), and many aminoglycosides. [Pg.75]

The key intermediate for the synthesis of various nitrofuran drugs is 5-nitro-furfural (45, isolated as diacetate), which is obtained by careful nitration of furfural (44) with a nitric acid-acetic anhydride mixture at low temperatures [30]. Reaction of 45 with various nucleophiles gives nitrofuran drugs of the general formula 46. [Pg.426]

Semicarbazide is used in pharmaceutical field in the manufacture of nitrofuran drugs. It is also used as an intermediate for azodicarbonamide,... [Pg.116]

Medicinal chemists have tended to avoid the aromatic nitro group as a structural component of potential drugs because of the well-known ability of compounds such as trinitrotoluene (TNT), used in munitions, to cause a high incidence of methemoglobinemia following skin absorption. The mechanism involved is presumably in vivo reduction to nitroso and phenyl-hydroxylamine intermediates. However, many nonbenzenoid nitro compounds have been utilized in clinical practice since the introduction of the nitrofuran drugs in 1944. [Pg.271]

Conneely A, Nugent A, O Keeffe M, Mulder PPJ, van Rhijn JA, Kovacsics L, Fodor A, McCracken RJ, Kenned DG, Isolation of bound residues of nitrofuran drugs from tissue by solid-phase extraction with determination by liquid chromatography with UV and tandem mass spectrometric detection, Ana/. Chim. Acta 2003 483 91-98. [Pg.148]

In 2002 residues of nitrofuran drugs were frequently detected in poultry and shellfish imported into the EU. Action was taken, and the MRPLs for nitrofuran metabolites in poultry meat and aquaculture products were set at 1 pg/kg in 2003." Nitrofuran metabolites are still found primarily in aquaculture products originating from Southeast Asia, with semicarbazide (SEM, the metabolite/marker of nitrofurazone) having the highest incidence. ... [Pg.236]

Nitrofuran drugs are synthetic broad-spectmm chemotherapeutic agents, derivatives of nitrofuran (Fig. 11). Their application in human medicine is limited to some infections (e.g., nitrofurantoin is applied in treating urinary tract infections) or to external use. In veterinary practice, they are used as growth promoters and to prevent and treat diseases in poultry and swine. [Pg.93]

The nitrofuran group of drugs (Fig. 5.18) is based on the finding over 40 years ago that a nitro group in the 5 position of 2-substituted furans endowed these eompounds with antibacterial activity. Many hundreds of such compounds have been synthesized, but only a few are in current therapeutic use. In the most important nitrofurans, an azomethine group, —CH=N—, is attached at C-2 and a nitro group at C-5. Less "important nitrofurans have a vinyl group, —CH=CH—, at C-2. [Pg.119]

Chagas disease is caused by a kinetoplastid trypanosoma parasite and affects millions of people in Latin America. The disease is currently incurable. Chemotherapy is based mainly on nitrofuran and nitroimidazole compounds and sterol biosynthesis inhibitors such as ketoconazole (337). Toxicity and high doses are the major problems for these organic drugs. Urbina et al. (338, 339) have found that com-plexation of antiparasitic organic agents such as chloroquine (78)... [Pg.241]

The advent of nifuratel is a reminder that the nitrofurans are by no means a spent force much more will doubtless be heard of this drug and of congeners now under development. [Pg.50]

The nitrofurans and sulfa drugs are antibacterial feed additives that... [Pg.4]

Code of Federal Regulations, 1985. Antibiotic, Nitrofuran, and Sulfonamide Drugs in the Feed of Animals. Section 558.15 484-497. [Pg.110]

A number of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde derivatives, called nitrofurans, are used in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of microbial infections, primarily in the urinary tract. Recent evidence suggests that the reduction of the 5-nitro group to the nitro anion results in bacterial toxicity. Intermediate metabolites modify various bacterial macromolecules that affect a variety of biochemical processes (e.g., DNA and RNA synthesis, protein synthesis) this observation may explain the lack of resistance development to these drugs. Evidence also indicates that the nitro anion undergoes recycling with the production of superoxide and other toxic oxygen compounds. It is presumed that the nitrofurans are selectively toxic to microbial cells because in humans, the slower reduction by mammalian cells prevents high serum concentrations. [Pg.521]

Guay DR. An update on the role of nitrofurans in the management of urinary tract infections. [Review]. Drugs 2001 61 353-364. [Pg.524]

Among fluoroquinolones, ofloxacin, pefloxacin and sparfloxacin can be used in alternative regimen, when drugs like rifampicin can not be used. Detailed pharmacology of quinolones is discussed in chapter Sulfonamides, nitrofurans and quinolones. ... [Pg.370]

The nitrofurans are synthetic antibacterial compounds, all containing in their molecule a characteristic 5-nitrofuran ring (Fig. 3.5). Furazolidone, nitrofurazone, furaltadone, and nitrofurantoin are all nitrofiirans that have been widely used in the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of infections caused by bacteria and protozoa in swine, cattle, poultry, rabbits, and fish. They have been also used as feed additives in animal husbandry. They are very effective drugs and do not appreciably contribute to the development of resistance (120). [Pg.70]


See other pages where Nitrofuran drugs is mentioned: [Pg.14]    [Pg.426]    [Pg.432]    [Pg.433]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.236]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.1588]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.426]    [Pg.432]    [Pg.433]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.236]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.1588]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.389]    [Pg.397]    [Pg.1139]    [Pg.349]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.519]    [Pg.521]    [Pg.416]    [Pg.429]    [Pg.41]    [Pg.1140]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.70]    [Pg.272]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.75 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.75 ]




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