Feed additives antibacterial

The nitrofurans and sulfa drugs are antibacterial feed additives that... 

Anthelmintic agents, 68-69 Antibacterial feed additives, synthetic and antibiotic, 3t Antibacterial therapy, objective, 12 Antibiotic combinations, advantages and disadvantages, 21... 

Monoclinic crystals from ethanol, mp 188-191 (dec) rhombic crystals from methanol a acetone, mp 187-189 (dec) (Imanaka), also reported as mp 166-1701 (Nakatsuka et al). (< ] +63.5° (methnnol). Weakly basic substance. Soly in water 192 mg/ml. Sol in met hand sparingly sol in ethanol. Slightly sol in acetone. Practically insol in chloroform, ethyl acetate, benzene, n-hexane. Unstable in alkaline soln. LDM in mice > 4 g/kg (Williams, Durham). therap cat (vet) Antibacterial feed additive (livestock). 

Hays. V. W. "Effectiveness of Feed Additive Usage of Antibacterial Agents in Swine and Poultry Production" Rachelle Lab.. Long Beach. CA. 1977. 

The nitrofurans are synthetic antibacterial compounds, all containing in their molecule a characteristic 5-nitrofuran ring (Fig. 3.5). Furazolidone, nitrofurazone, furaltadone, and nitrofurantoin are all nitrofiirans that have been widely used in the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of infections caused by bacteria and protozoa in swine, cattle, poultry, rabbits, and fish. They have been also used as feed additives in animal husbandry. They are very effective drugs and do not appreciably contribute to the development of resistance (120). 

Griseofulvin is a fungistatic antibiotic with no antibacterial activity. It is highly effective against dermatophytes and has therefore been used orally for treatment of ringworm in a variety of animals. For calves and horses, it is mainly used as a feed additive at dosages of 10-30 mg/kg bw/day for 7-35 days. 

Antibacterial drugs are used in veterinary practice for two purposes as therapeutics or prophylactics to control clinical disease, and as feed additives to enhance growth performance of animals. The latter practice presumably depends on the antibacterial action of the drug, even though it is used in low, subtherapeutic doses. The effect thus produced is to be distinguished from the action of a true growth promoter, e.g. monensin (63), and will be discussed in detail later (Section 1.08.6.3). Here we shall consider only the therapeutic/prophylactic properties of antibacterial agents. 

Other heterocycles used as veterinary antibacterials are trimethoprim (43) (see below) and the quinoxaline iV,iV -dioxide, carbadox (39). Carbadox (39) is used as a feed additive, in which role it is effective against T. hyodysenteriae in the control of swine dysentery (annual sales for 1981 US 45 million). An in vitro comparison of the effectiveness of carbadox (39) with other antibiotics for the control of T. hyodysenteriae has been carried out (79MI10805). 

Fig. 9 First QDO patented as antibacterial agent and animal-feed additive...

Petersen U, et al. Quinolone- and naphthyridone carboxylic acid derivatives, process for their production, antibacterial compositions and feed additives containing them. 1988. Bayer AG US 5 173 484. 

Livestock products constitute the major franchise in the pharmaceutical sector. As we shall see, antimicrobial, feed additive antibacterial, anticoccidial and endectocide market sectors are dominated by natural product drugs. 

Moving on from therapeutic antibacterials to feed additive antibacterials, the chart shows that swine and poultry are the largest commercial sectors. 

Chronologically, natural product therapeutic antibacterials entered the market place in the 1940 s, shortly followed by the feed additive antibacterials. The first anticoccidial agents appeared at the beginning of the 1970 s. As we have seen in all these therapeutic areas, natural product products quickly grew to a high proportion of the market sector. 

Produced by Streptomyres muibrauciu antibacterial con xMind used in feed additives. 

The antibacterial activity of mannosylerythritol lipids can be exploited in preparation of feed additives for live stocks. Apart from preventing the infectious diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria, mannosylerythritol lipids contribute to the improvement in overall health of live stocks. Mannosylerythritol lipids are commercially available from Biotopia Co., Ltd, a South Korea-based biotech company andToyobo/J. 

Demir E, Sarica, Ozcan MA et al (2003) The use of natural feed additives as alternatives for an antibiotics growth promoter in broiler diets. Br Poult Sd 44(Sl) 44-45 Deresse D (2010) Antibacterial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on Staphylococcus aureus an in vitro study. Asian J Med Sd 2 62-65... 

In its report ( 3) issued in 1972, the Task Force acknowledged the potential human and animal health hazard of drug resistant bacteria and made a number of recommendations. In addition to basic research to better understand the nature of the problem, the Task Force recommended that restrictions be placed on the use of antibacterial agents in feeds which fail to meet guidelines established by the Task Force in regard to safety and/or efficacy. Agents that do not meet these standards would be prohibited from growth promotion and any subtherapeutic use in animals but could continue to be used at therapeutic levels for short-term treatment on the order of licensed veterinarians. 

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